340 THE SCROPHULARIA FAMILY. [ Huphrasia. 
glabrous or slightly downy. Leaves small, sessile, opposite, ovate, deeply 
toothed, the teeth of the lower ones obtuse, of the upper ones finely pointed. 
Flowers in loose, terminal, leafy spikes; the calyx with 4 or 5 pointed 
teeth ; the corolla white or reddish, streaked with purple, and a yellow 
spot in the throat, the* tube usually shorter than the spreading lobes. 
Capsule oblong. Sometimes, especially in high alpine regions, the whole 
plant is but 1 inch high, with minute, almost yellow flowers; when 
luxuriant it will attain 8 inches, with flowers nearly half an inch long. 
The leaves in some varieties are all broad, obtuse, almost orbicular, and 
the upper ones closely imbricated 5 in others they are all narrow, very 
pointed, and distant. 
In pastures, throughout Europe and Russian and central Asia, from the 
Mediterranean to the Arctic regions and the highest alpine summits. 
Abundant in Britain, Ll. summer and autumn. The numerous varieties 
are wee by those: who have studiea them most, to two principal 
races,—the L. officinalis, with a more glandular down, especially on the 
calyx, the teeth of the leaves obtuse, or the upper ones shortly pointed, the 
capsule broadly oblong, and. the seeds ovoid; and HH. nemorosa, Pers., 
which is never glandular, the teeth of the upper leaves at least ending in a fine 
point, the capsule very narrow, and the seeds spindle-shaped; but many 
forms occur in which these characters are differently combined, or pass 
gradually into each other. [Another division of the British formsis into £. 
officinalis proper, with broad-based bracts and a long lower lip of the 
corolla; ZH. gracilis, Fries, more slender, with narrow-based bracts, and 
lower corolla lip shorter than the tube; and var. maritima, with the capsule 
far exceeding the calyx. The latter from Shetlands only. | 
XII. RHINANTHUS. RATTLE. 
A genus limited to the single species described below, distinguished from 
Pedicularis chiefly by the calyx and capsule. 
1. R. Crista-galli, Linn. (fig. 768). Common Ratile,—An ce 
glabrous or slightly hairy annual, with a shortly branched, fibrous root, 
which attaches itself to the living roots of grasses and other plants by 
means of slightly enlarged suckers. Stem from a few inches to a foot high, 
simple or slightly branched. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, and more or less 
coarsely toothed; the floral ones broader, shorter, and more cut at the 
base. Flowers ina loose, leafy spike; the calyx nearly orbicular, inflated, 
but compressed, contracted at the mouth, with 4 small teeth. Corolla 
yellow, often with a purple spot on the upper, or upon both lips; the tube 
longer than the calyx ; the upper lip laterally compressed, with a tooth or 
lobe on each side in front; the lower lip shorter, with 3 spreading lobes. 
Stamens 4, in pairs, with obtuse, hairy anther-cells. Capsule orbicular, 
flattened, with a few large, flat, usually winged seeds, 
In meadows and pastures, in Europe and Russian Asia, from the Medi- 
terranean to the Arcticregions. Abundant in Britain, often causing much 
injury tothe herbage. 47. summer, or sometimes later. It varies much in 
stature, in the breadth of the ae in the size of the flower, and in the 
form of the teeth of the upper lip; and botanists have distinguished three 
supposed species,—A&R. major, Ehrh., with large flowers; &. minor, Ehrh., 
with small flowers; and &. angustifolius, with linear leaves; but further 
