Rhinanthus. | LVI, SCROPHULARINEE, 341 
observation has shown that these forms are neither constant, nor marked 
enough to be separated even as permanent races. 
XIII. PEDICULARIS. PEDICULARIS. 
Herbs, with leaves alternate, or, in a very few species, whorled or nearly 
opposite, and pinnately lobed, toothed, or divided; and, in the British 
species, purple flowers, in leafy spikes or racemes. Calyx broadly tubular, 
inflated after flowering, with 2 to 5 irregular, often jagged teeth or lobes. 
Corolla with a distinct tube ; the upper lip laterally compressed, entire or 
with asmall tooth in front on each side. Stamens 4, in pairs, the anther- 
cells not pointed. Capsule flattened, more or less oblique at the top, with 
a few large seeds attached to the lower part. 
A numerous genus in the mountains or colder regions of the northern 
hemisphere, extending far into the Arctic Circle, and found also in some of 
the tropical mountain-ranges. It is always readily known by the foliage 
and calyx. 
Stems 1 to 2 feet high. Calyx with 2 short, broad, jagged lobes. 
Upper lip of the corolla with a tooth on each side, at or pero 
the middle. 3 - 1, P. palustris, 
Stems prostrate or spreading, not 6 inches long. “Calyx Ae or 5- 
. toothed. opper lip of the corolla without any eee at or below 
the middle. - . . ° ‘ . ° ; . 2 P. sylvatica. 
1. P. palustris, Linn, (fig. 769). Marsh (Deslealanie Red Rattle,— 
A nearly glabrous annual, with a rather thick root; the stems erect, or, 
in dry situations, decumbent at the base, much branched, about a foot high, 
or in water as much as 2 feet, Leaves often opposite, pinnate, with short, 
ovate, crenate or deeply cut segments; the tloral ones alternate, and often 
twice pinnate. Flowers almost sessile in the axils of the upper leaves, of 
a deep purple red, Calyx broad, with 2 broad, short, irregularly cut or 
jagged lobes. Upper lip of the corolla with 2 minute teeth on its inner 
edge just below the point, and two others below its middle, Capsule 
oblique, the short point projecting beyond the calyx. 
In marshes, wet meadows, and watery ditches, in northern and central 
Europe, and Russian Asia, from the Altai to the Arctic regions. Generally 
spread over Britain, but not so common as the following species. FV. all 
summer. 
2. P. sylvatica, Linn. (fig. 770). Common Pedicularis, Lousewort. 
—Rootstock perennial, with prostrate or spreading, branching stems, 
seldom above 6 inches long. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with deeply cut, 
small segments. Flowers sessile in the upper axils, pink-red or rarely 
white. Calyx broadly oblong, with 5 unequal teeth or short lobes, the 
longer ones often toothed. ‘Tube of the corolla much longer than the calyx, 
the upper lip with one minute tooth on each side, under ‘the point. 
In moist pastures, and meadows, all over western, central, and northern 
Europe, but disappearing in the south and the east. Common in Britain. 
Fl. spring and summer. 
=e Se 
XIV. MELAMPYRUM. MELAMPYRE. 
Erect or spreading herbs, probably semi-parasitical like Rhinanthus, 
with opposite leaves and branches; the floral leaves often passing into 
