Stachys. | LVII. LABIAT. 355 
the lateral lobes often reflexed. Stamens 4, in pairs under the upper lip. 
Nuts smooth, rounded at the top. 
A numerous genus, spread over nearly the whole world, but within the 
tropics limited to mountain districts. 
Erect perennials, 1 to 3 feet high. 
Plant thickly covered with a white py ayrek Flowers nume- 
rous, in crowded whorls . ° . 4 - . 2. S&. germanica, 
Plant green, more or less hairy. 
Flowers many in each whorl, forming a close, oblong, terminal 
spike. Leaves mostly radical. 1, S. Betonica, 
Flowers 6to 10 in each whorl, forming a long, loose, terminal 
spike. Stem leafy. 
Lower leaves long-stalked, ovate, deeply cordate. ‘ 3. S. sylvatica, 
Leaves short-stalked or sessile,oblong or lanceolate, scarcely 
cordate . é 4. 8. palustris, 
Low, weak, or spreading annual, with small flowers . 5, S. arvensis, 
The S. annua (Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2669), a low, ae: sees European 
annual, with yellow flowers the size of those of S. palustris, has been in- 
serted in some British Floras, probably from having appeared among 
the weeds in some cornfield. The S. coccinea, from Mexico, with red 
flowers, and a few other exotic species, are occasionally cultivated in flower- 
gardens, 
1, S. Betonica, Benth. (fig. 798). Betony Stachys, Betony.—A 
perennial, 1 to 2 feet high, more or less downy or hairy, but not woolly. 
Leaves mostly radical, oblong, coarsely crenate and cordate at the base; 
the upper ones few and distant, on short stalks or quite sessile, narrower, 
and not cordate. Flowers in several dense whorls, collected in a close, 
terminal, oblong head or spike, with an ovate or lanceolate bract under 
each calyx. Calyx-teeth erect, very pointed; almost prickly. Tube of the 
corolla considerably longer than the calyx; the upper lip ovate, erect, and 
slightly concave, about the length of the lower one. Anther-cells more dis- 
tinct and less divergent than in the rest of the-genus, or almost parallel. 
Betonica officinalis, Linn. 
In woods and thickets, all over Europe and Russian Asia, except the 
extreme north. Abundant in England, extending, but rarely, into the 
counties of Scotland, and into southern Ireland. FU. summer. 
_ 2, S.germanica, Linn. (fig. 799). Downy Stachys, Woundwort. 
—An erect, branching perennial, 1 to 3 feet high, remarkable for the 
long, whitish, silky hairs which cover its stems and leaves, and especially 
the upper portion ” ‘of the plant and the calyxes. Leaves shortly stalked, 
oblong-ovate or lanceolate, slightly cordate at the base, soft and silky. 
Flowers numerous, in Ales whorls or clusters, all distinct, the lower ones 
sometimes rather distant, but all forming a long terminal spike, with 
numerous small, narrow bracts, close under the flowers. Calyx-teeth often 
almost prickly. Corolla- tube shorter than the calyx, the upper lip very 
silky outside. 
In waste places, re on roadsides ; very common in central and southern 
Europe and western Asia, where it is very variable. In Britain it has 
appeared in some limestone districts of Hampshire, Oxford, and Kent, but 
it is perhaps not indigenous. Fl. summer. 
3. S. sylvatica, Linn. (fig. 800). Hedge Stachys.—A green, coarsely 
hairy perennial, with a disagreeable smell; the rootstock emitting short, 
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