oT THE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY. [ Chenopodium. 
Plant usually erect. Upper leaves narrow and entire, 
whitish on both sides . 8. O. album. 
Plant procumbent. Leaves all sinuate, green above, 
white underneath . 4. C. glaucum, 
Lower leaves broad, irregularly and coarsely toothed or 
lobed. Plant green (except sometimes C, murale). 
Lower leaves broadly cordate or truncate at the 
base. Clusters of flowers wigs in a loose, ter- 
minal, leafy panicle . . 8. C. hybridum. 
Lower leaves wedge-shaped, or narrow at the base. 
Clusters of flowers in axillary spikes, or in a 
short, terminal, leafy panicle. 
Axillary spikes erect, simple, or but little babies | 
Seeds horizontal . . ° ° . ° . 6. C. urbicum, 
Seeds vertical : 5 C. rubrum, 
Axillary spikes forked into spreading cymes . 7 C. murale, 
1. ©. Vulvaria, Linn. (fig. 841). Stinking Goosefoot.—A procumbent 
or spreading, much branched annual, seldom a foot long, covered with a 
granular mealiness, and remarkable for a strong, stale-fish smell when 
rubbed. Leaves small, ovate, all quite entire, on rather long stalks. 
Clusters of flowers small, in short axillary and terminal racemes, often 
ene but not much exceeding the leaves in length. C. olidum, 
urt. 
Under walls, in waste and rubbishy places, in Europe and western Asia, 
extending northwards into southern Scandinavia, Occurs in various parts 
of England and southern Scotland, more rare in the west, and in an 
Fl. summer and autumn, 
2, C. polyspermum, Linn. (fig. 842). Many-seeded Goosefoot,— 
Usually a procumbent or spreading, much-branched annual, with all the 
leaves quite entire, as in C. Vulvaria, but without the granular mealiness 
or the nauseous smell of that species. It is also sometimes erect, a foot 
high, with numerous branches, ascending from the base. Leaves usually 
rather thin, green, ovate, to 2 inches long. Clusters of flowers small, 
in short axillary spikes; the upper ones forming an irregular terminal spike 
or narrow panicle, Calyx-segments thin, green, not covering the fruit as 
in C. album. 
In cultivated and waste places, dispersed all over Europe and Russian 
Asia, except the extreme north. In Britain, limited to England and the 
Channel Islands. VU. summer and autumn. 
3. C. album, Linn. (fig. 843). White Goosefoot.—A tough annual, 
usually erect, 1 to 2 feet high, of a pale green, or more or less mealy-white, 
especially the flowers and the under side of the leaves, Leaves stalked, 
the lower ones ovate or rhomboidal, more or less sinuately toothed or 
angular, the upper ones usually narrow and entire. Clusters of flowers in 
short axillary spikes, either dense or interrupted, simple orslightly branched ; 
the upper ones forming a long panicle, leafy at the base. Fruit entirely 
enclosed in the perianth, and seeds all horizontal. 
In cultivated and waste places, throughout Europe and central and 
Russian Asia to the Arctic regions, and carried out with cultivation to 
nearly all parts of the globe. . The commonest species in Britain. 7. all 
summer, and autumn. Specimens may sometimes occur with almost all 
the leaves entire, but they have not the smell of C. Vulvaria, are usually 
more erect, and if perfect, the lower leaves at least will always show a 
tendency to the angular or sinuate form. [C. ficifolium, Sm,, included 
