438 THE ORCHID FAMILY. [ Cephalanthera. 
lanceolate. Flowers rather large, of a yellowish white or cream-coloured, 
in a loose, leafy spike, all the bracts being longer than the ovary, and the 
lower ones quite leaf-like and longer than the flowers. Sepals 6 to 8 or 
even 9 lines long, oblong, and usually obtuse, rather open. Petals rather 
shorter, close over the column. Lip small, of two distinct portions, the 
lower one embracing the column, the terininal one recurved at the tip. C. 
pallens, Rich. 
In woods and thickets, in Europe, extending northward to Denmark. 
In Britain, scattered over various parts of England. #1. early summer. 
2, ©. ensifolia, Rich (fig. 985). Narrow Cephalanthera.—Very 
near C. grandiflora, but the leaves are narrower, the lower ones broadly 
oblong, the upper ones long and narrow-lanceolate; the bracts very short, 
mostly 1 to 2 lines long, or the lowest rarely as long as the ovary. 
Flowers pure white; the sepals narrower and more pointed than in C. 
grandiflora. ; 
Stations and geographical range of C. grandiflora, but extending into 
temperate Asia. It is local in Britain, occurring in various counties from 
Mull and Perth southwards, and rare in Ireland. /V. early summer. 
= 3. C0. rubra, Rich. (fig. 986). Red Cephalanthera.—Stature and 
foliage of C. ensifolia. Bracts rather longer but not so long as in C, 
grandiflora. Ovaries and axis of the raceine minutely downy. Flowers 
rather larger than in C. enszfolia, of a pink red, with a narrow, white lip. 
Stations and geographical range of the last species. In Britain ex- 
tremely rare, having been only seen in Gloucestershire and Somerset, 7. 
summer. 
VI. LISTERA. LISTERA. 
Herbs, with two leaves at some distance from the ground, placed so near 
together as to appear opposite, and small, green flowers in a slender raceme. 
Sepals broader than the petals, otherwise ali nearly alike, short, and 
spreading; the lip longer, linear, and 2-cleft. Amnther fixed by its base in 
a cavity at the top ofa short column; the pollen as in Hpipactis. 
A small European, north Asiatic and North American genus, readily 
known among the small-flowered, spurless Orchids by the foliage. 
Leaves ovate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 inches long ; ° . L. Z. ovata. 
Leaves broad or cordate at the base, not an inch long - : . 2. L. cordata. 
1. &. ovata, Br, (fig. 987). TZwayblade Listera, Twayblade.—The 
rootstock has a mass of clustered, thickish fibres, but not near so succulent 
as in Neottia Nidus-avis. Stem 1 to near 13 feet high, with 2 or 3 
sheathing scales at the base, and at about 6 inches from the ground a pair 
of broadly ovate, green leaves, 2 to 4 inches long. Raceme rather long and 
slender. Sepals and petals about 14 to near 2 lines long; the lip twice as 
long, ending in two linear lobes. 
In moist pastures and woods, throughout Europe and Russian Asia. 
frequent in Britain, Fl. spring and summer. 
2. &. cordata, Br, (fig. 988). Heart-leaved Listera.—A much smaller 
and more slender plant than ZL. ovata, usually about 6 inches high. Leaves 
seldom above # inch long, very broad, and sometimes slightly cordate at 
the base. Flowers very small, in a short raceme; the lip linear, 2-cleft, 
with 2 minute teeth at its base. 
