440 THE ORCHID FAMILY. [ Spiranthes, 
Leaves radical, ovate, or oblong; the stems bearing short 
scalesonly . : : : : - ° . Ll. &. autumnalis, 
Leaves all narrow, near the base of the flowering stem. 
- Spike 2 to 3 inches long, the flowersinonerow . ° . 2 8S. estivalis. 
Spike dense, 1 to 1 inches long, the flowers in three rows 3. S. Romazoviana. 
1, S. autumnalis, Rich (fig. 991). Common Spiranth, Lady’ s-tresses. 
—The rootstock produces every year 2 or 3 thick, oblong tubers, and a 
tuft of 3 or 4 broadly ovate or oblong, spreading radical leaves, seldom 
above an inch long. Flowering stems by the side of the tuft of leaves, 
6 to 8 inches high, green, with short, sheathing, pointed scales, very 
seldom growing out into very short, linear leaves. Flowers white, with a 
sweet smell of almonds, in a rather close spiral spike of about 2 inches, all 
diverging horizontally to one side, whilst the bracts remain erect on the 
opposite side. 
On dry, hilly pastures, all over Europe, except the extreme north, ex- 
tending eastward to the Caucasus. In Britain it is not found further 
north than Westmoreland and Yorkshire, but occurs in central and south 
Ireland. Fl. autumn. 
2. S. vestivalis, Rich (fig. 992). Summer Spiranth.—Rootstock more 
horizontal than in S. autumnalis, with longer, more cylindrical tubers. 
Leaves radical, or on the flower-stem near the base, narrow-lanceolate or 
ee Stem rather taller than in the common S., and the flowers rather 
arger. 
In bogs and marshes, chiefly in southern Europe, extending over France 
and into Belgium. The only known British stations are in Hampshire, 
Worcester, and the Channel Islands. 7. late in summer. 
3. S. Romazoviana, Cham. (fig. $93). Drooping Spiranth.—Root- 
stock producing a cluster of thin cylindrical tubers. Stem leafy, attain- 
ing 6 to 9 inches. Lower leaves at the base of the stem lanceolate or 
spathulate, 2 to 3 inches long, spreading, the upper ones smaller, erect, 
sheathing at the base. Spike dense, 1 to 2 or even 3 inches long, the 
flowers white, packed in 3 rows, much larger than in the other two species, 
with a broader lip. S. gemmipara, Lindl. S. cernua of former Eds. 
A native of Kamtschatka and N. America, unknown in Europe, except 
in meadows at Bantry Bay, Ireland. #1. August and September. 
ee 
X. GOODYERA. GOODYERA. 
Very near to Spiranthes, but the spike is not spiral, and the lip does not 
embrace the column, has no callosities at the base, and is contracted at the 
top into a recurved point. | 
The species are very few, all from the northern hemisphere, and generally 
from high latitudes. | , 
1. G. repens, Br. (fig. 994). Creeping Goodyera.—Rootstock shortly 
creeping, with a few thick fibres. Flowering stems 6 inches to near a 
foot high, with a few ovate stalked leaves near the base. Spike one-sided 
as in Spiranthes autumnalis, but straight, with rather smaller flowers of a 
greenish white; the lateral sepals rather shorter, and more spreading than 
the upper sepal and the petals. 
In moist woods, and forests, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and 
America, and the higher mountains of central Europe and Asia. In Britain, 
