479 THE RUSH FAMILY. — [Juneus. 
13. J. maritimus, Sm. (fig. 1070). Sea Rush.—Stems 2 to 3 feet 
high, in large tufts, very rigid, terminating in a prickly point, the sheath- 
ing scales at their base also terminating each in a stiff cylindrical, stem- 
like, prickly leaf, shorter than the real stems. Flowers rather numerous, 
in little clusters, forming a loose, irregularly compound panicle; the outer 
bract at its base erect and nearly as long as or longer than the panicle, but 
more dilated at the base and looking less like a continuation of the stem 
than in J. communis, Perianth-segments about 14 lines long. Capsule 
rather shorter, or scarcely longer. _ 
In maritime sands, widely spread along the shores of the Atlantic, from 
North America and Europe far into the southern hemisphere, and along the 
Mediterranean to the Caspian Sea, but not penetrating far into the Baltic, 
and not an Arctic plant. Occurs on many parts of the English and Irish 
coasts, but rare in Scotland. Vv. summer, rather late. 
14, J. acutus, Linn. (fig. 1071). Sharp Rush.—Very near J. mari- 
timus, but more rigid and prickly, the flowers rather larger, not so nume- 
rous, in closer panicles, and usually browner, and the stout capsule is 
considerably longer than the perianth-segments, 
In maritime sands, along the shores of the Atlantic, and up the Mediter- 
ranean to the Caspian Sea, but not on those of the North Sea or the Baltic, 
nor yet recorded from the southern hemisphere. Rather more frequent 
than J. maritimus, but confined to the southern coasts of England, from 
Wales to Norfolk, rarer than that species in Ireland. Fl. summer, rather 
early. 
15, J. trifidus, Linn, (fig. 1072). Highland Rush.—Perennial stock 
densely tufted, formed of a shortly creeping rootstock and the persistent 
bases of the numerous stems and closely sheathing brown scales. Stems 
slender, not 6 inches high, with 2 or 3 slender filiform leaves or bracts in 
their upper part, 2 or 3 inches long, the 1 or 2 uppermost having at their 
base a single sessile flower or a cluster of 2 or 3. Perianth-segments very 
pointed, rather longer than the capsule. 
In rocky and gravelly situations, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, 
and North America, and in the higher mountains of central Europe. In 
Britain, only in the Highlands of Scotland, where it is frequent on stony 
summits. Fl. summer. 
16. J. castaneus, Sm. (fig. 1073). Chestnut Rush.—The rootstock 
emits creeping runners. Stems 6 inches to a foot high, with a few rather 
short, grass-like, and channelled radical leaves, and 1 or 2 on the stem 
itself, all ending in a fine, nearly cylindrical tip. Flowers rather large, dark 
brown, in 1, 2, or 3 clusters at the top of the stem; the outer bract rather 
longer than the flowers. Perianth-segments pointed, nearly 2 lines long. 
Capsule oblong, brown and shining, often nearly twice the length of the 
perianth. 
In wet, rocky places, in the mountains of northern Europe, Asia, and 
America, extending all round the Arctic circle, and at great elevations in 
the principal mountain-chains of Europe and Asia. In Britain, confined 
to the Scotch Highlands, where it is very local. Fl. summer. 
. 17. J. biglumis, Linn. fig. 1074). Zwo-flowered Rush.— Leaves radi- 
cal, sheathing the base of the stem, short and grass-like. Stems tufted, 
6 to 8 inches high, each with a single terminal cluster of 2, 3, or rarely 5 
