Juncus. | LXXXVI. JUNCACEA!. 473 
or 6 rather large, brown flowers; the outer bract seldom longer than the 
flowers, Perianth-segments obtuse, scarious on the edges, 1} to 2 lines 
long. Capsule as long or longer, more or less obtuse. 
In mountain bogs, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, 
and at great elevations in the mountain-ranges of central Europe. In 
Britain, not unfrequent in the Scotch Highlands, extending into northern 
England and North Wales. Fl. summer, Two forms of this plant have 
been distinguished as species, the ¢wo-flowered variety (J. biglumis, Linn.), 
chiefly Arctic, usually with only 2 flowers, a small leafy tip to the outer 
bract, and a short, very obtuse capsule; and the more common ¢hree- 
Aowered variety (J. triglumis, Linn.), with 3 or more flowers, no leafy tip 
to the bract, and a longer, less obtuse capsule; but each of these characters 
will be found to vary occasionally in the same tuft, and not always to corre- 
spond with each other, Both varieties occur in Scotland. 
II. LUZULA. WOODRUSH. 
Perennial herbs, differing from Juncus in their softer, flatter, grass-like 
leaves, often fringed with a few long, white hairs, and especially in their 
capsules, not divided into 3 cells, and containing no more than 3 much 
larger erect seeds. 
A genus widely distributed over both hemispheres, usually in woods, 
meadows, and pastures, in drier situations than the Rushes. 
Flowers panicled. 
Flowers single on each pedicel eaten ° ° 
Flowers in clusters of 2, 3, or 4 on each pedicel. 
Plant 2 or 3 feet high, with numerous flowers ina compound 
panicle , é F ; , i ; ; ; A : 
Alpine plant, not 6 inches high, with 3 or 4 small clusters of 
flowers ; : ; ‘ . ; A ' . & DL. arcuata. 
Flowers in compact, ovoid heads. 
Flower-heads 3 or 4, the outer ones pedicellate . : ° » 4. L. campestris, 
Flower-heads nearly sessile, forming a dense terminal spike . 5. L. spicata. 
1, &. pilosa, Willd. (fig. 1075). Hairy Woodrush.—Stock branched 
and tufted, with creeping offsets. Stems slender and erect, 6 inches toa 
foot high. Leaves chiefly radical or near the base of the stem, linear and’ 
grass-like, 2 or 3 inches long, more or less fringed with long, white hairs. 
Flowers all distinct, or very rarely two together; the central one nearly 
sessile, the others on slender peduncles, either simple and 1-flowered or 
more or less branched, forming an irregular terminal panicle. Each flower 
has 2 or 3 scarious bracts or glumes at its base. Perianth-segments very 
pointed, of a shining brown. Capsule longer or scarcely shorter than the 
perianth. Seeds -with a soft, loose, oblique or curved appendage at the 
top. 
In woods and on banks, common in Europe and Russian Asia, from the 
Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, and in North America. Extends all 
over Britain, F%. spring. It is usually divided into two species, JL. 
pilosa (L. vernalis, DC.), with an obtuse capsule and the appendage of the 
seed decidedly curved, and Z. Forsteri, DC., with an acuminate capsule and 
the appendage straight or nearly so, but the character of the appendage is 
very variable, and does not correspond with the differences in habit which 
it igs sometimes supposed to do. The var. Forsteri is confined to the 
southern half of England. 
° ° « 1. LZ. pilosa. 
2. L. sylvatica. 
