Carex. | LXXXVIII. CYPERACEE. 497 
long; females 1 or 2, at ‘some distance from it, oblong, erect, and nearly 
sessile, rather more than 3 inch long, compact, with small brown glumes. 
Lower bracts leafy, without any sheath. Styles 3-cleft. Fruits small, 
ovoid, or nearly globular, not beaked, downy. 
In moist meadows, in central and southern Europe, extending eastward 
to the Caucasus, and northward to the Baltic, In Britain, only known 
from a single locality near Merston in Wiltshire. Ll. early summer. 
30. C.filiformis, Linn, (fig. 1187). Slender Carex.—The habit is 
near that of C. distans, or of C. extensa, but it differs in its downy fruits. 
Rootstock creeping. Stems 1 to 2 feet high, with long, narrow leaves; 
the leafy bracts are also long and narrow, almost as in C. extensa, but 
without or almost without sheaths. Male spikelets usually 2 or even 3, 
the terminal one often 14 inches long; females 1 or 2, remote from them, 
nearly sessile, 6 to 9 ae long. Styles 3-cleft. Fruit near 2 lines long, 
ovoid, shortly beaked, and very downy. 
In oe ditches, and mar shes, in northern and central Europe, and Rus- 
sian Asia, from the Arctic regions to central France and the Alps, and in 
North America. Not common in Britain, occurring chiefly in Scotland, 
northern England, and Ireland. £1. spring. 
31, C. hirta, Linn. (fig. 1138). Hairy Carex.—Rootstock creeping. 
Stems weak, leafy, 1 to 2 feet high, and, as well as the leaves, more or 
less hairy. Lower bracts long and leafy, with long sheaths. Terminal 
male spikes 1 or 2, Females very distinct, cylindrical, rather loose, an 
inch long or more, much like those of C. sylvatica, and the fruits, as in 
that species, taper into a long beak, but they are also covered with short, 
spreading hairs. 
Tn woods and wet pastures, common in Europe and Russian Asia, except 
the extreme north. Frequent also in Britain, excepting the north of 
Scotland. 7. spring and early summer. 
32, C.pallescens, Linn. (fig. 1139). Pale Carex.—The general aspect 
and pale yellowish-green fruiting spikelets are like those of C. flava, but 
the fruits are obtuse, without any prominent beak. Stems tufted, leafy at 
the base, seldom above a foot high. Terminal spikelet male, light brown, 
about 6 lines long. Femaie spikelets 2 or rarely 3, shortly stalked, erect 
or slightly drooping, oblong, shorter than the male one, and all near under 
it. Bracts leafy, with a short, sheathing base, or the lowest scarcely 
sheathing, Styles 3-cleft. Fruits glabrous. 
In marshy places, extending over Europe and Russian Asia, from the 
Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, and often very common, and in North 
America. Frequent in Scotland and Ireland, but certainly less so in 
England. Fl. early summer. 
33, C. extensa, Gooden. (fig 1140). Long-bracted Carex,—A tufted 
rather slender species, 1 to 2 feet high, with narrow, often convolute 
stiff and erect leaves. Spikelets nearly sessile, and near together at 
the top of the stem, or only the lower one distant, as in C. flava, but 
all oblong and of a brown-green, as in C. distans, although usually not 
so long, and differing from both in the long, narrow, leafy bracts, the 
lowest usually much exceeding the stem. Styles 3- cleft. Fruits as in C. 
distans, ovoid, triangular, strongly nerved, and tapering into a conical 
beak. 
K k 
