500 THE SEDGE FAMILY. [ Carex. 
40, ©. glauca, Murr. (fig. 1147). Glaucous Carex.—The creeping 
rootstock, glaucous foliage, and most of the characters, are those of C. 
panicea, but there are generally 2 or 3 male spikelets, the female ones 
are rather more compact, on longer stalks, and more or less drooping 
when ripe, and the sheaths of the leafy bracts are usually shorter. Stems, 
in dry situations, 6 or 8 inches high, with short, curved leaves ; in rich 
meadows, 1 to 13 feet, with erect leaves as longas the stems. Female 
spikelets 2 or 3, varying from 3 to above 1 inch in length. Glumes dark- 
brown. Styles 3-cleft, Fruit oy oid, not ribbed except the 3 obtuse angles, 
and without any beak. 
In meadows and marshes, in Europe, extending eastward into tem- 
perate Asia, and northward far into Scandinavia. Abundant in Britain 
generally, although in the north less so than C. panicea. J. early 
summer. 
41, C. sylvatica, Huds. (fig. 1148). Wood Oarex.—Stems weak, 
tufted, leafy, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves and leafy bracts flaccid, the latter 
with long sheaths. Terminal spikelet male, about an inch long. Lower 
spikelets 2 to 4 or rarely more, all female, or occasionally one or two of the 
upper ones partially or even wholly male, the females distant, cylindrical, 
loose-flowered, about an inch or rather longer; on slender stalks, and at 
length more or less drooping. Glumes green, narrow, and very pointed. 
Styles 3-cleft. Fruit glabrous, ribbed, tapering, into a long beak. 
In woods, common in Europe and Russian Asia, except the extreme 
north, although in the south it is rather a mountain plant, Frequent in 
Britain, except the north of Scotland. Fl. early summer. 
42, C. strigosa, Huds. (fig. 1149). Zhin-spiked Carea.—Very near 
C. sylvatica, but the female spikelets are much longer, and more slender, 
usually above 2 inches long, the flowers at some distance from each other, 
the peduncles much shorter, almost concealed in the long sheaths of the 
bracts. Glumes green and lanceolate. Fruits tapering to a point, but not 
into a long beak as in C. sylvatica. “ 
In mountain woods, dispersed over North and Central Europe; extend- 
ing from France and Denmark to the Caucasus, but nowhere very common. 
Occurs in many parts of England and Ireland, but not in Scotland, #7. 
early summer. It is probable that varieties of C. sylvatica are often mis- 
taken for it. 
43, ©. Pseudocyperus, Linn. (fig. 1150). Cyperus-like Carex.— 
Stems tall, stout, and triangular, with long, broad leaves, as in C. pendula, 
but the spikelets are not above 2 inches long, more crowded at the top of 
the stem, on longer stalks, and remarkable for the very narrow, pointed, 
green ylumes, and the narrow, striated, spreading fruits, ending in a long, 
pointed, slender beak. The spikelets droop when in fruit, as in C. pen- — 
dula. The terminal male one has often a few female flowers at the top, 
or sometimes in the whole upper half. Styles 3-cleft. ; 
In marshes and wet ditches, in central and southern Europe, extending 
eastward to the Caucasus, and northward into southern Scandinavia, and 
in North America. Scotland, south of the Caledonian Canal. Spread over 
a great part of England and Australia and Ireland. £7. early summer. 
44, C. pendula, Huds. (fig. 1151). Pendulous Carex.—One of the 
largest of our Careves, Stems stout, triangular, leafy, 3 to 5 feet high. 
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