Panicum. ] LXXXIX., GRAMINEZ. 509 
annual, very much like P. verticillatum, but of a paler green; the spike or 
spike-like panicle more compact and regularly cylindrical, 1 to 1} inches 
long, with very numerous projecting bristles. These are but slightly 
rough with minute erect teeth, so as only to be felt as the spike is pushed 
upwards through the fingers. Spikelets rather larger than in P. verticil- 
latum, the second glume rather shorter than the third, the flowering one 
marked with numerous tranverse wrinkles, visible especially as the seed 
ripens. Setaria glauca, Beauv. 
One of the commonest weeds of cultivation throughout the warmer re- 
gions of the globe, abundant in southern Europe, less so in central Europe, 
not extending into Scandinavia. In Britain, only occasionally introduced. 
Fl. all summer and autumn, 
5. ®. viride, Linn. (fig. 1161). Green Panicum.—Closely resembles 
P. glaucum, but the second and third glumes are both about the same 
ee and the flowering one has no transverse wrinkles. WSetaria viridis, 
eauy, 
With the same geographical range as P. glaucum, this is, however, 
much less common in tropical’countries, but more so in central Europe, 
extending eastward all across Asia, and northward into southern Scandi- 
navia. In Britain, it is also rather ‘better established than the other 
Species, except P. glaucum. Fl. summer and autumn, 
6. BP. Crus-galli, Linn. (fig. 1162). Cockspur Panicum.—A coarse, 
decumbent, rather broad-leaved annual. Panicle 4 to 6 inches long, irre- 
gularly pyramidal, and rather one-sided ; the spikelets larger than in the 
preceding species, crowded or clustered along the spike-like branches, the 
lowest of which are 1 to 2 inches long, diminishing gradually to the top. 
Lowest glume very short and broad, the next about the length of the 
flower, empty and awnless, the third about as long, ending in either a 
short point or a long, coarse awn, and has often a. thin palea in its axil. 
Flowering glume awnless,smoothand shining. H'chinochloa Crus-galli, Beauv. 
A common and widely-spread weed of hot countries, especially in the 
old world, and abundant in temperate Europe and Russian Asia, extend- 
ing northwards to southern Scandinavia. In Britain, occasionally only, as 
a weed of cultivation in southern England. FV. the whole summer and 
autumn, 
IV. HIEROCHLOE. HOLYGRASS. 
Panicle loose and spreading (in some exotic species narrow and crowded). 
Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal flower and 2 lower flowers male only, 
with 3 stamens. Glumes 6, all scarious, boat-shaped, keeled, and pointed ; 
the 2 outer empty ones as long as the flowers, below the articulation of 
the rachis and persistent, 2 intermediate ones enclosing the male flowers ; 
the upper pair smaller, but both keeled, without any 2-nerved palea. 
A genus of several species, spread over the colder regions of both the 
northern and southern hemispheres, and closely allied to Anthoxvanthum, 
differing only in the intermediate glumes enclosing male flowers. 
1. H. borealis, Rom. et Sch. (fig. 1163). Northern Holygrass.—A 
perennial, from 2 to 14 feet high, with a creeping rootstock, and flat 
leaves, usually short, scented like Anthoranthum. Panicle spreading, 
about 2 inches long, with slender branches. Spikelets ovate, of a shining 
