510 THE GRASS FAMILY. [ Zierochloe. 
brown ; the outer empty glumes ‘very pointed, nearly 3 lines long, and 
glabrous. Two intermediate glumes attaining to the length of the outer 
ones, but rough on the outside with short hairs, and each enclosing a 
2-nerved palea and 3 stamens. Uppermost pair of glumes smaller and 
nearly glabrous, the innermost enclosing 2 stamens and the pistil. 
In mountain pastures and waste places, at high latitudes, in northern 
and Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, descending southwards to northern 
Germany, and to the mountains of. south-eastern Germany, and reappear- 
ing in New Zealand. In Britain, only near Thurso, in Caithness, 7. 
summer, 
V. ANTHOXANTHUM. ANTHOXANTH. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, narrow, pedicellate, but crowded into a cylindrical 
spike or spike-like panicle. Glumes 6, all boat-shaped and keeled, the 2 
outer ones unequal, pointed but not awned ; the 2 next also empty, shorter 
than the outer ones, narrow, hairy; one with a small awn on its back, the 
outer with a longer awn arising from its base ; the upper pair still shorter, 
obtuse and awnless, without any true palea. Stamens only 2. 
The genus consists of but few species. 
1, A. odoratum, Linn. (fig. 1164). Sweet Anthoxanth, Vernal 
Grass.—A rather slender, erect perennial, 1 to 2 feet high, and quite 
glabrous, Spike-like panicle 13 to 2 inches long. Outer glumes very 
pointed ; the second about 3 lines long, the first seldom above half that 
length. Intermediate and upper glumes usually quite included in them, or 
rarely the longest awn slightly protrudes. 
_ In meadows and pastures, throughout Europe and temperate Asia, from 
the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Abundant in Britain, imparting 
a sweet scent to new-made hay. Fl. spring and early summer, and often 
again in autumn. [A. Puelit, Lecog. and Lam., a native of southern 
and central Europe, has of late been introduced into several fields in 
England and Scotland, and may be recognized by its very slender annual 
habits, and long, exserted awn. | 
ase ——— 
VI. PHALARIS. PHALARIS. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, broad and very flat, densely crowded into an ovoid 
or cylindrical spike or spike-like panicle as in Phleum, but there are usually 
6 glumes, the 2 outer ones, below the articulation, have the keel projecting 
into a scarious wing, the intermediate pair small and empty, or one of them 
occasionally deficient, the upper pair, under the flower, flattened and com- 
plicate like the outer ones, but smaller and thinner, with the central nerve 
or keel short and scarcely conspicuous, or wanting in the inner one, which 
leaves it doubtful whether it be really a glume or a palea. 
A small genus, chiefly from the Mediterranean region and central 
Asia. 
1, B. canariensis,; Linn. (fig. 1165). Canary Phalaris.—An erect, 
leafy annual, 2 to 3 feet high, with a densely imbricated, ovoid, spike-like 
panicle, 1 to 13 inches long, variegated with green and white, and quite 
glabrous. Outer glumes very flat, 3 to 4 lines long, acute but not awned, 
white on the edges, with a broad green line down each side, the inter- © 
