id 
Phalaris. ] | LXXXIX. GRAMINES. 511 
mediate empty ones short and lanceolate. Upper glumes much shorter, 
narrow and pointed, smooth and shining, but usually villous, hardening 
round the seed as it ripens. 
A native of southern Europe or northern Africa, much cultivated as 
Canary-seed in many parts of Europe, and frequently appearing as a 
weed of cultivation. In Britain, occasionally found as such. 7. 
summer. 
es 
VII. DIGRAPHIS. DIGRAPHIS. 
A single species, often united with Phalaris, of which it has the rudi- 
mentary glumes immediately under the flowering ones, but it is very dif- 
ferent in inflorescence, and the outer glumes are not winged on the keel. 
1, D. arundinacea, Trin. (fig. 1166). Reed Digraphis.—A reed- 
like perennial, 2 to 3 feet high, with rather broad, long leaves, the lower 
ones forming a dense tuft at its base. Spikelets very numerous, in a 
panicle 6 to 8 inches long, rather compact, but not closely imbricated nor 
spike-like as in Phalaris, the lower branches often spreading. Outer 
glumes about 2 lines long, lanceolate and pointed, but not awned, keeled 
but not winged, pale-green or whitish with green nerves, the intermediate 
empty ones reduced to minute linear hairy scales. Flowering glumes 
smooth and shining, and, as in Phalaris, hardened round the seed. Pha- 
laris arundinacea, Linn. 
On river-banks and in marshes, in Europe, Asia, and North America, 
extending from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Common in 
Britain. FU. summer, A variety with variegated leaves is often cultivated 
in gardens under the name of Striped-grass or Ribbon-grass. 
ee 
VIII PHLEUM. PHLEUM. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, flat, and crowded into a cylindrical or ovoid spike 
or spike-like panicle. Outer glumes boat-shaped, their keels projecting 
into a point or very short awn. Flowering glume shorter, very thin, awn- 
less or with a very short awn on the back. Palea very thin, sometimes 
with a minute bristle at its base outside, which is the continuation of the 
axis of the spikelet. 
A small genus, widely spread over the temperate and colder regions of 
the northern hemisphere, distinguished from Alopecurus chiefly by the 
presence of the palea. 
Outer glumes truncate and broadly scarious below the point. 
Spike long and cylindrical. Points of the outer glumes not half 
so long as the glume itself : : : ; : - é 
Spike short, ovoid, or oblong. Points or awns of the outer 
glumes nearly as long as or longer than the glume itself . 2. P. alpinum. 
Outer glumes tapering into a minute point. 
Perennial. Outer glumes linear-lanceolate, e . ‘ . 3. PB. Behmeri. 
Annual. 
Outer glumes wedge-shaped, less than a line long ; the lateral 
ribs inconspicuous. Spike longand slender . : ’ 
Outer glumes lanceolate, strongly ciliated on the keel, 14 lines 
long; the lateral ribs prominent. Spike short 5. P. avenarium, 
J, P. pratense, Linn. (fig. 1167). Zimothy Phleum, Timothy-grass, 
Cat’ s-tail.—A perennial, 1 to 3 feet high; the leaves rather soft, although 
1, P. pratense. 
4. P. asperum, 
