Phleum.| LXXXIX. GRAMINEZ. 513 
south. Common on the coasts of England and Ireland, but only in the 
east of Scotland. Fl. spring and early summer. 
X. ALOPECURUS. FOXTAIL. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, flat, and densely crowded into a cylindrical spike 
or spike-like panicle. Outer glumes boat-shaped, with a prominent keel, 
but not awned. Flowering glume shorter, with a very slender awn inserted 
on the back (sometimes concealed under the outer glumes), Palea entirely 
wanting. 
A small genus, widely spread over the temperate and colder regions of 
both the northern and southern hemispheres, resembling Ph/eum in habit, 
but easily distinguished by the absence of the palea. 
Annual. Outer glumes 3 lines long, united to the middle, gla- 
brous or nearly so BEE feeBi cy hasdsf oreuid eed tek enras cotlh ke. ee BOE 
Perennials or rarely annuals. Outer glumes less than 3 lines, free 
or united at the base only; the keel hairy. 
Spikes long. Awns more or less prominent. 
Stem erect or nearly so. Outer glumes lanceolate, about 2 
lines. Awns twice as long. . 2. A. pratensis. 
Stems procumbent at the base. Outer glumes not 14 lines. 
Awns not twice as long . 3. A. geniculatus. 
Spikes short. Awns scarcely exceeding the outer glumes . 4, A. alpinus. 
1]. 4. agrestis, Linn. (fig. 1172). Slender Foxtail.—An annual, 1 to 
2 feet high, erect or slightly decumbent at the base. Leaves rather short, 
with long, not very loose sheaths. Spike 2 to 3 inches long, thinner and 
more pointed than in the other species; the spikelets fewer, longer (about 
3 lines), not so flat nor so closely imbricated, and usually quite glabrous ; 
the two outer glumes united to about the middle, the hair-like awn of the 
flowering one projecting 2 or 3 lines beyond them. 
In waste places, on roadsides, etc., in central and southern Europe and 
across Russian Asia, extending northward to southern Scandinavia. In 
Britain, frequent in the south of England, decreasing northwards; in 
Scotland and Ireland only where accidentally introduced. FU, the whole 
season. 
9, fA. pratensis, Linn. (fig. 1178). Meadow Foxtail.—Rootstock 
perennial and shortly creeping, the stems erect or scarcely decumbent at 
the base, 1 to 2 feet high. Sheaths of the upper leaves rather loose. 
Spike 2 ‘to 3 inches long, very dense, rather obtuse; the spikelets very 
numerous and flat, 2 to nearly 3 lines long. Outer glumes free or scarcely 
united at the base, with short hairs on the keel, which give to the spike 
a soft, hairy aspect. The hair-like awns project 2 to 4 lines beyond the 
outer glumes, 
In meadows and pastures, throughout Europe and central and Russian 
Asia from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, and naturalized in 
several parts of the globe. Abundant in Britain. F.spring and summer. 
3. A. geniculatus, Linn. (fig. 1174). Marsh Foxtail.—A perennial 
like A. pratensis, or sometimes annual. Stems usually procumbent at the 
base, bending upwards at the lower nodes. Sheaths of the upper leaves 
rather loose. Spike 1 to 2 inches long, closely imbricated like that of 
A. pratensis, but more slender, with much smaller spikelets. Outer 
glumes hairy on the keel, not so pointed as in A. pratensis, and scarcely 
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