518 THE GRASS FAMILY. [Peamme. 
narrow, stiff, erect, and glaucous leaves, concave, or rolled inwards on their 
edges. Panicle contracted into a close, narrow-cylindrical spike, 5 or 6 
inches long, tapering to the top. Spikelets crowded, 4 or 5 lines long, the 
outer glumes lanceolate, compressed, stiff, and chaffy. Flowering glume 
rather shorter, but equally stiff, with a tuft of hairs outside, on the axis of 
the spikelet. Palea nearly as long, with a minute hairy bristle, or pro- 
longation of the axis atits base. Ammophila arundinacea, Host. 
On maritime sands, common on all the coasts of Europe, except the 
extreme north, and in North America. Frequent on the British seacoasts. 
Fl. summer. ([P. baltica, R. and 8., is a variety or closely allied species 
found on the Norfolk and Northumberland coasts, with larger panicles 
and more lanceolate and acuminate glumes. | 
XVI. CALAMAGROSTIS. SMALLREED, 
Tall grasses, with a more or less open panicle, and numerous 1-flowered 
spikelets. Outer glumes nearly equal, keeled and pointed. Flowering 
glume much smaller, very thin, with a very slender and short, hair-like, 
straight awn on its back, and a tuft of long silky hairs at its base, on the 
axis of the spikelet. Palea usually smaller. 
A considerable genus, widely distributed over the globe, formerly 
united with Arundo, from which it is distinguished chiefly by the 1-flowered 
spikelets. 
Hairs within the spikelet longer than the flowering glume. 
Spikelets nearly 3 lines long, crowded in a narrow panicle. 
Outer glumes very narrow, almost subulate ._. 1. C. Epigeios, 
Spikelets about 2 lines long, in a loose panicle. Outer glumes 
narrow-lanceolate « 2. C. lanceolata. 
Hairs within the spikelet shorter than the flowering glume . . 3. C., stricta, 
1. ©. Bpigeios, Roth (fig. 1186). Wood MSmallreed.—Rootstock 
creeping. Stems 3 or 4 feet high, erect, and rather firm, with long, 
narrow, somewhat glaucous leaves. Panicle branched, but not spreading, 
except whilst in full flower, froma few inches to near a foot long, with 
numerous crowded spikelets, often assuming a purplish tint. Outer glumes 
very narrow-lanceolate and pointed, almost subulate, both nearly 3 lines 
long. Flowering glume thin, its awn very short and slender, inserted some 
way from the top, and scarcely distinguishable from the long silky hairs 
which envelope the flower. 
In moist, open places, in woods and thickets, and amongst bushes, spread 
over the greater part of Europe and temperate Asia from the Mediterranean 
to the Arctic regions. Abundant in some parts of southern England, 
but not generally common, and rare in Scotland and Ireland. 7. summer. 
2, C. lanceolata, Roth. (fig. 1187). Purple Smallreed,—aA tall grass, 
like the last, and not always readily distinguished from it. It is usually 
more slender, with flat, flaccid leaves. Panicle much looser, 5 or 6 inches 
long, with slender branches, and more often assuming a shining purple 
colour. Outer glumes about 2 or sometimes 23 lines long, narrow-lanceo- 
late, but broader than in C. Hpigeios. Flowering glume nearly as in that 
species, but the awn is inserted close to the cleft summit. 
In moist woods, and shady places, in northern and central Europe, and 
Russian Asia, from the Alps to the Arctic regions. Dispersed over several 
parts of England, and unknown in Ireland or Scotland. 1. summer. 
