“B26 THE GRASS FAMILY. [ Hordeum. 
Outer glumes ofall the spikelets slightly dilated at the base, 
not ciliate, and one of each lateral spikelet broader than . 
the rest . : . : Mier . ° o shee . 4. A. maritimum. 
1. H. sylvaticum, Huds. (fig. 1205). Wood Barley.—An erect peren- 
nial, about 2 feet high, with flat leaves, usually hairy on the sheaths. 
Spike cylindrical, not very dense, about 3 inches long. The central spikelet 
of each notch is reduced to 2 narrow-linear glumes, either quite empty or 
rarely containing a rudimentary or male flower, the 2 lateral spikelets have 
each 1 perfect flower, and sometimes a second, either rudimentary or male ; 
the outer glumes like those of the central spikelet, but rather broader and 
longer, and placed side by side; the flowering glume shorter, but terminating 
in a long awn. 
In woods and thickets, in central and southern Europe, extending east- 
ward to the Caucasus and northward to southern Scandinavia. In Britain, 
not rare in some of the midland and northern counties of England, but not 
found in Scotland, and only near Dublin, in Ireland. 2. summer. 
2, H. pratense, Huds. (fig. 1206). Meadow Barley.—-An erect or 
decumbent annual or perennial, often 2 feet high, and tufted or bulbous at 
the base. Leaves glabrous and rather narrow. Spike 1% to 2 inches long, 
close and cylindrical. To each notch are 3 pairs of awn-like rough glumes ; 
within the central pair is a flowering glume, lanceolate, but ‘completely 
rolled rouna the flower, and tapering into an awn as long as itself; within 
each of the 2 lateral pairs is usually an inner glume smaller than the central 
one, either empty or enclosing a male or rudimentary flower. 
In moist meadows, and pastures, in central and southern Europe, extend- 
ing eastward all across Russian Asia and into north-west India, and north 
America, and northward to southern Scandinavia. Frequent in England, 
very local in Ireland, and not extending beyond Berwick in Scotland. #1. 
early summer. 
3. H. murinum, Linn. (fig. 1207). Wall Barley.—A rather coarse, 
tufted Grass, the stems decumbent at the base, 1 to 2 feet long. Leaves 
often hairy. Spike dense and cylindrical, 3 or four inches Jong, thickly 
beset with the long rough awns. Outer glumes of the 3 spikelets all awn- 
like, but those of the central spikelet somewhat broader at the base and 
ciliate. Inner glume of each spikelet lanceolate and rolled inwards at the 
base, ending in a long awn; that of the central spikelet enclosing a perfect 
flower, and a short awn-like empty glume at the back of the paleas those 
of the lateral ones empty or with a very imperfect male flower. 
In waste places, on roadsides, etc., in central and southern Europe and 
western Asia, extending northwards to southern Scandinavia, and now 
naturalized in many parts of the world. Frequent in the greater part of 
England, confined to the east of Scotland, and very rare in Ireland. 7. 
all summer. 
4, H. maritimum, With. (fig. 1208). Sea Barley, Squirrel-tail 
Grass.—Very near H. murinum, but smaller and somewhat glaucous, the 
spikes smaller, with shorter awns, the 3 pairs of outer glumes all lanceolate 
at the base but not ciliate, and one of each of the lateral pairs a little 
broader than the others. | . 
On the seacoasts of western Europe, and all round the Mediterranean, 
extending northward to Denmark, but not into the Baltic. Abundant on 
