— Equisetum.] XCIII, EQUISETACE, 551 
Ei. sylvaticum in stature and mode of growth; the fruiting stems at first 
simple, producing whorls of branches after the spike is developed; but the 
branches of both fruiting and barren stems are always simple, and the 
spikeis larger. The fruiting stems at first resemble those of H. arvense, 
but are much more slender. The sheaths have seldom less than 14, and 
usually about 20 striee, and long, subulate teeth. H. wmbrosum, Willd. 
In moist woods, and shady places, generally distributed over the range 
of H#. sylvaticum, in Europe, Asia, and North America, but probably no- 
where socommon. Has been found in various parts of Scotland, northern 
and central Engiand, and northern Ireland. Fr. latein spring and summer. 
5. &. limosum, Linn. (fig. 1267). Smooth Hquisetum.—Stems mostly 
fruiting, 1 to 2 feet high or more, all, including the barren ones, simple, 
or with few short, simple branches at the middle or upper nodes; the 
strize usually about 12 to 20, not prominent. Sheaths about 3 or 4 lines 
long, with shortly subulate or pointed teeth. Spike about 6 to 8 lines long, 
obtuse. 
In marshy places, wet ditches, or shallow waters, throughout Hurope 
and temperate Asia, from the Mediterranean tothe Arctic regions. Common 
in Britain. Fr. summer. 
(6. &. littorale, Kihlew. (fig. 1268). Bog Equisetum.—Intermediate 
between H. limosum and palustre, with both of which it agrees in habit, 
but differs from the former in the roughish stem with 10 to 18 distinct 
deep grooves, and in the upper sheaths having dilated mouths, and from 
Lf. palustre in the larger more hollow stems, with 10 to 18 grooves, and in 
the dilated mouths of the upper sheaths. 
In sandy bogs of Denmark, north and central Germany, and central 
Russia. In Britain hitherto found only in similar situations at Bisley Com- 
mon, in Surrey, but is probably overlooked elsewhere, from its similarity to 
LE. palustre. | 
7. &. palustre, Linn. (fig. 1269). Marsh Equisetum.—Stems mostly 
fruiting, but all nearly similar, erect, about 1 to 13 feet high, much 
thinner than in LZ, limosum, and marked with only about 6 to 8 prominent 
strie or angles, and deep furrows; the branches but few in a whorl, not 
very long, and not so thin as in some species. Sheaths 3 or 4 lines long, 
with as many pointed or shortly subulate teeth as strice. Spike as in 
EH. lumosum. 
In marshes and spongy bogs, in Europe, temperate Asia, from the Medi- 
terranean to the Arctic regions, and in North America. Common in 
Britain. /r. summer. 
8. &. hyemale, Linn. (fig. 1270). Rough Hquisetum, Scouring Rush, 
Dutch Rush.—Stems mostly fruiting, but all similar and simple, or rarely 
with very few branches, 1 to 2 feet high or more, faintly marked with 
15 to 20 strie, and rough to the touch. Sheaths 3 to 5 lines long, white, 
with black rings round the top and the base; the teeth very minute and 
blunt, or rarely shortly subulate. Spike 6 to 9 lines long, with a little 
conical point on the rounded top. 
In marshes and wet woods, in northern Europe, Asia, and America, 
extending from Spain and Italy to the Arctic regions. In Britain, chiefly 
in Scotland, and northern and central England; rare in Ireland. Fy. 
summer, rather late. 
