ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS. 39 
July, and the Culcairn to Corowa on the 3rd October. The 
former is a light cheap railway, a large portion of the earthworks 
consisting of mere forming, the fencing is left out except at the 
extreme ends, and the rails are sixty pounds to the yard. The 
ruling grade is oneinone hundred. The Culcairn to Corowa line 
is also comparatively cheap, costing about £4,000 per mile, but 
the undulation of the ground did not permit of so much ‘forming’ 
and the line is fenced throughout. The rails are as in the last 
mentioned, steel flat bottomed sixty pounds to the yard. The 
Kiama to Nowra line is one of the most interesting now in pro- 
gress, as not only does it pass through very rich and fertile country, 
but the works themselves are varied in character. There are five 
tunnels, all of them laid with concrete, and two iron bridges— 
one on a curve over Terralong street in Kiama, and the other a 
single span over the South Coast road near Gerringong. The 
terminus of the line is on the north side of the Shoalhaven River 
opposite Nowra. The Milson’s Point extension brings the present 
North Shore Railway down to Port Jackson. It is a double line 
throughout, laid with seventy-one and a half pound rails, each 
thirty feet long with twelve sleepers to the pair of rails, bottom 
ballast of coarse sandstone, top of bluestone, the height from 
formation to rail level is one foot nine inches. The ruling grade 
is one in fifty, and the sharpest curve, of which there are several, 
of ten chains radius ; without such curve a heavier gradient must 
have been adopted. The ends of the curves are in all cases tapered 
carefully on to the straight. There are two tunnels, the longer 
one under Blue’s Point Road is on a reversed curve, and the 
accurate meeting of the two headings during construction was a 
feat for which the engineers in the field deserve the highest credit 
as it was a most difficult piece of setting out. The other works 
of note are two steel girder bridges on brick abutments, and two 
brick viaducts and the terminal station at Milson’s Point, which 
is constructed partly on the solid ground, partly protected by a 
heavy sea-wall and partly built on ironbark piles sheathed with 
Muntz metal. 
