THE LANGUAGES OF THE NEW HEBRIDES. 139 
The simple roots which express these ideas are:—ka, by meta- 
thesis ak; ba; da, di, and, by change of consonant, Ja, ra,; by the 
addition of formative syllables, chiefly suffixes, these roots produce 
a great variety of words which are spread all over Oceania. All 
these roots exist in Sanskrit and other Aryan languages; thus :— 
KA :—Sk.* kam, ‘to burn,’ kdéma, ‘love, desire,’ Gr. ka-to. 
AK:—Sk. agni, ‘fire, Lat. ignis, ‘fire,’ acer, ‘sharp,’ ocwlus, ‘eye.’ 
BA:—Sk. bhd, ‘to shine,’ bhdlu, ‘sun,’ maha, ‘light,’ Lat. (b)uro, 
Spars. | 
DA:—Sk. ddha, ‘burning,’ Gr. daio, ‘burn,’ dais, ‘torch,’ daélos, 
délos, ‘clear, manifest.’ 
pi:—Sk. dip, ‘to shine,’ div (dya), ‘day.’ 
RA:—This form has many representatives in Sanskrit, and as these 
forms illustrate the process by which variations in the mean- 
ing of the original root are acquired, several of them may be 
given here ; as :— 
Sk. ranj, raja, ‘to colour, to glow’; rakta, ‘red, agitated by 
passion, fond, pure, blood, vermilion, copper, saffron.’ 
rajata, ‘white, silver, gold, ivory, blood.’ 
rdj, ‘to shine’; rdga, ‘red colour, love, wrath, passion, envy.” 
rdma, ‘beautiful, black, white’; ravana, ‘sharp, hot’; rave 
‘the sun.’ 
ruch, ‘to shine, to please, to desire, to like’; ruchita, ‘bright, 
sweet’; rukma, ‘clear, bright, gold’; ruch, ‘light, lightning, 
beauty, desire’; ruch-aka, ‘agreeable, sharp, a tooth, salt.’ 
rudhira, ‘blood, sattron’; Gr. eruthros, ‘red.’ 
roka, ‘light’; rochana, ‘irradiating, splendid, sharpening’; 
rochani, ‘red arsenic; the aether’; rochis, ‘light, flame.’ 
roshana, ‘angry,’ quicksilver, a touchstone’; rohita, ‘red’; 
rohini, ‘blood.’ 
raudra, ‘irrascible, acute, heat’; rupya, ‘silver.’ 
Examples of most of these meanings are to be found in the 
Oceanic languages. 
* Abbreviations :—Dr. for Dravidian; Gr. Greek; Lat. Latin; Sam. 
Samoan; Sk. Sanskrit; Tukiok is the native pronunciation of Duke of 
York (island); A.-S. Anglo-Saxon; rt. root. 
