142 SIDNEY H. RAY, 
the English expression ‘brand new,’ we take the Samoan kakasa in 
the sense of ‘bright,’ it brings us close to hakoso, ‘the sky’ in the 
ancient language of Java, and angkasa, ‘sky’ in the neighbouring 
island of Bali. 
The root TI also has a place in Oceania. In Maori, t-aho and 
ti-t2 mean ‘to shine,’ while to-to is ‘sharp’; in Samoan Zio is 
‘sharp,’ said of the eyes, t7-ga is ‘pain,’ 7/-te‘e is ‘to be angry,’ “¢‘zla 
(ki-kila) or ‘cla-“la is ‘to shine, to glisten,’ said of the eyes; in 
Fiji dhila is ‘to shine’; in Motu, /va-ma is ‘bright.’ The Malay 
has kilu, gilang, ‘to shine,’ figilu, ‘to ache’; the Pali of India has 
tikkho, tino, ‘sharp, acrid,’ and the Dravidian has tindu, ‘to kindle,’ 
tidu, ‘to whet,’ and #2, ‘fire.’ Another Oceanic form of 11 is sI, 
whence the Samoan s?-sz/a, ‘to look, to see, to know,’ s¢-na, ‘white,’ 
sisifo (as if sisi-ifo, ‘to look down’), ‘the west,’ si-sz/7, said of ‘shoot- 
ing pains.’ From the same root come the Fijian siga-sigau, ‘white,’ 
the Fijian name for ‘sun,’ mata-ni-siga, and the Malay sig, ‘torch.’ 
Still another root form is sE, but this corresponds more with the 
Dr. s’e, ‘to be red’ where the s’, as in Sanskrit s’ona, ‘to be red, 
represents an original &, From s’e the Samoan has se-ga, ‘the 
crimson parroquet,’ se-gz, ‘to burn a scar,’ sega-vale, ‘to shine dimly’ 
(said of the sun), sega-sega, ‘ yellowish’ (ef. Sk. rudhira, ‘saffron’), 
sege-segi, ‘twilight,’ se-sega, ‘to dazzle.’ The Dr. se-mbu is ‘red’ 
and the Malay sé-rah is ‘red.’ At Baki (New Hebrides) se-mbz is 
‘fire.’ From the same monosyllabic roots as above come many 
Oceanic words for ‘fire,’ ‘smoke,’ ‘eye’ (qq.v.), as ka-p, ka-pt, ka-bu, 
ma-ta, la-hi, and, dropping the 4, afi, ahu, asu; also words for 
*“burn,’ ‘ashes,’ ‘oven,’ and the like. In Aneityum, cap, cop is 
*hot, red, beloved; cf: Sam. ‘alofa, ‘love.’ 
I have thus examined at considerable length the words in Mr. 
Ray’s first column, for the purpose of showing how intimate is the 
connection between the Oceanic languages and root-words which 
may be found in India; for my belief is that the races of Oceania, 
both black and brown, came thither from their original homes in 
India. The ancient literature of the Javanese shows that Kalinga 
of the Madras coast (Dravidian) was well known to them, and that 
