THE LANGUAGES OF THE NEW HEBRIDES. 145 
11. Water—The common word is wai. eu, rau, ra are the 
Maewo reu, ‘rain,’ and probably also the Santa Cruz luwwe. Cf. 
Mel. Lang. p. 97. 
[Sk. rts. are ap, am, ma, and su, of. Hebrew ma(i), mo, ‘water,’ 
Indian pa-ni, ‘water,’ su-mas, ‘milk,’ ‘water,’ Samoan sua, ‘juice,’ 
‘liquid.’ | 
12. Sea—The usual word is ¢asi or taht. Pangkumu aror is 
the sea breaking on the beach, ‘waves’; in Ponape (Caroline Islands), 
oror is ‘the shore,’ the water’s edge. Omba wa-wa is ‘ the open sea.’ 
Maewo lama is local in the Banks’ Is., but as daman it is found 
also at Nusa on the Northern extremity of New Ireland. Marina 
getyja is Lifu cedha. Cf. Mel. Lang. p. 89. 
[‘Sea, salt, bitter, sharp ’ are cognate ideas, and ‘sharp’ is cog- 
nate to ‘shine, ‘burn’; hence Aneityumese acen is ‘salt’ and acas 
is ‘burn’; so fa-si, ‘sea,’ may come from rt. da, ka, as in Note 1. 
The Sk. has tad, ‘to shine,’ é, ‘to be sharp,’ ¢kta, ‘bitter.’ Cf. 
Gr. tha-l-assa, Lat. ma-re, sa-l. | 
13. Zand—All except the Southern tongues have some form of 
vanua. In Tasiko buru-anua, burw is ‘mass,’ ‘lump.’ The Male- 
kula batic-venua, batin-venua, which is also in Malo, is properly 
* ‘the country belonging to a chief.’ Tanna ¢ano is the common 
word for ‘ground.’ 
[Fanua probably for fau-na; a Sk. rt. is bhi (bhav), ‘to be,’ 
whence bhumis, ‘earth,’ and Gothic bau-an, ‘to dwell’; cf Sam. 
mau, ‘to dwell.’| 
14. Zarth, soil—The common word is tano. Tanna nafu-tanr 
is probably ‘earth-dust’; afw being the Fiji kuvu, ‘dust,’ Efate 
afu-afu ‘to be dusty.’ In the Weasisi district there isa continual 
rain of black volcanic dust. The Aneityum noboh-tan is apparently 
the same word, tan being ‘red earth.’ Nogogu Jlepa is in Efate 
‘clay.’ Futuna, Aniwa, Fiji and Samoa kele, kere, gcele, etc., is 
‘earth,’ ‘dirt.’ Wulua ono, Maori oneone, is very common in 
Melanesia for ‘sand, beach.’ 
15. Lire—The word kabw is in general use, except in the north, 
where afi, which is also Polynesian, takes its place. The Fiji wagca 
J—July 5, 1893. 
