a ge 
et 
Ww 
‘ 
‘ ' 
~ 
146 SIDNEY H. RAY. * 
in mbuka-wagea (Ura vag in nampe-vag) is ‘burning.’ ‘The fire 
burns’ is in Efate nakabu 2 faga, in Pangkumu nokambu pagpag, 
Baki sembi-bo vago. Cf. Mel. Lang. p. 67. [See Note 1.] | 
16. Smoke—The usual word is asu, with or without the word 
for fire. Of. Mel. Lang. p. 90. [See Note 1.] 
17. Shade—The list is very imperfect, but some form of malu 
is distributed over the whole region. In Epi fo-melu, va-melu are 
verbs ‘to shade’; fo and va are the causative particles. 
[The rt. idea of most is ‘soft’ (Tukiok malu-a, Efate nia el 
that is, away from the burning rays of the sun. Others are’ 
‘leafy, shady.’] 
18. Pig—The original word was no doubt poe. Puaka, puka 
are probable introductions from Polynesia. The Efate, etc., wagco, 
wak may be forms of puaka, since pu or pw is there interchange- 
able with w. Cf. Mel. Lang. p. 86. 
[The rt. idea is ‘fat’; a Sk. rt. is pa, pi-van, ‘fat.’] 
19. Dog—The origin of the common word kurz is obscure. It 
is probably of recent introduction in many of the islands, certainly 
so in Tanna, Eromanga, and Aneityum. In Mota the word kurut, 
says Dr. Codrington, was in the language when first known to 
white men, though the islanders had no dogs. 
[In the Dravidian of India kudz is ‘to leap, to run,’ and kuderet 
is a ‘horse’; the dog and the horse are ‘leapers’; they leap in 
running. | 
20. Rat—The word kuswwe appears in many forms as hasup, 
goba, kaue, sowo, kahau, asuk, cetho, adhi. Cari is found only 
in Santo, Omba, Arag and Maewo. Cf. Mel. Lang. p. 86. 
21. Bird—The word manu, which is in general use, is in a few 
eases used indefinitely of any animal. In Malo and Tangoa, man- 
si-auau, nazi-abuabu is ‘flying animal’; cf. Efate kuvanguva, ‘to 
fly.’ Tangoa ‘fish’ is nazt-ki-tas, ‘animal of the sea.’ Eralado 
karat is applied in Malekula to the ‘flying fox,’ and, in Aulua, 
the same word care is a ‘butterfly.’ Cf. Mel. Lang. p. 56. 
