a 
162 SIDNEY H. RAY. 
with a prefix; ten is ‘two-fives.’ Haamples :—Epi, Efate, Sesake, 
Paama, Nguna, Makura. (6) The same formation, but a distinct — 
word for ten. Hxamples:—Ambrym, Malekula, Espiritu Santo 
(Eralado, Tangoa, Marina). 
[There the -ul, -bul, -vul is the Polynesian fulu; see ‘ ten.’] 
3. DecimaL: Distinct words for each number. Hxamples:— 
Malo, Espiritu Santo (Nogogu), Omba, Arag, Maewo, Fiji, and all 
the Polynesian dialects. 
The numerals are generally used with a prefix, which is separated 
from the root in the vocabulary by a hyphen, | 
101. One—The words seem to be divided among three principal 
forms, tas?, sikat, and tuwa. In the New Hebrides ¢asi seems only 
to be found in Paama, Epi, Lifu, and perhaps the Southern Lan- 
guages. The commonest New Hebrides word is a form of szkai, 
which is also in the Solomon Islands. The Arag tuwa, Maewo; 
Mota tuwale, tewa, is Fiji ndua. 
[In ¢a-st and si-ka-1, the original root is ka, Sk. éka, ‘one.’] 
102—104. Two, Three, Four—tThese are rua, tolu, and vat, in 
various forms. The chief variations are the Lifu kdni for tolu, 
and the Lifu eke, and the Polynesian fa (va), for vati. 
[For lua, tolu (t‘lu) of Sk. dva (Lat. duo) and tri] . 
105. Five—Lima in various forms is found everywhere, and is 
the common word for ‘hand.’ ‘Tanna kari-lum and the Eromangan 
suk-rim are ‘one hand.’ | 
[It has been shown (see note on the word ‘hand’), that the old 
root-word gab, gam, ‘to lay hold of’ (cf. Eng. finger, Ger. fangen), 
is the source of dima, ‘hand.’ The nearest approach to this root 
are the Aneityumese tkm-an for kum-an and the Epi jam-o. The 
Trish Jam, ‘the hand,’ and the Greek e-lab-on, ‘I took hold of,’ 
are from the same root. | 
106 — 109. Six, Seven, Hight, Nine—Where these numbers are 
distinct, there is an agreement in the use of the words ono, fitu, 
walu, siwo, or some form of them. When formed by prefix, a form 
