164 SIDNEY H. RAY. 
in the plural are the numeral tolu, ‘three,’ used indefinitely of 
any number more than two. 
2. PossessivE Pronouns: In the singular, these are all forms 
of ku, ma,na, and are suffixed to nouns denoting relationship or 
parts of a whole. The dual and plural forms do not appear to be 
distinct from those used as personal pronouns, but are in most 
cases abbreviated. 
3. VERBAL Pronouns: These are usually shortened forms of 
the personal pronouns, and are sometimes combined with the verbal 
particles. (See Introduction). In the third person, the word must 
often be regarded as a particle rather than a pronoun, especially in 
the consonantal forms m, ¢, 4, ete. 
PLURAL. 
The methods of forming the plural are-various. They may be 
tabulated as follows :— 
l. By prefix ra, ro, 0, o:—Malo, Santo, Futuna, Aniwa, Lifu. 
vet, 1:—Malo, Fiji, Lifu. 
2. By adjective following :—Commonly. 
3. By plural pronoun following :—Epi and Malekula. 
4, By noun preceding :—Eromanga. 
§. By lengthened vowel :—Samoa and Maori. 
SOURCES OF THE FOREGOING VOCABULARIES AND SPECIMENS. 
1. Aneityum—Dictionary by Rev. J. Inglis. 
Translations by Rev. W. Watt. 
2. Tanna-Kwamera— < ‘ Nineteen years in Polynesia’ by Rev. 
G. Turner. 
Grammar and Vocabulary by Rev. W. Gray 
in Rev. D. Macdonald’s ‘South Sea 
Languages.’ 
Translations by Rev. W. Gray. 
Translations. 
‘Nineteen years in Polynesia’ by Rev. G. Turner 
‘Three New Hebrides Languages’ by Rev. 
3. Tanna-Weasisi— 
4, Eromanga—} 
4. 5. 6. Hromanga— D. Macdonald. 
24. Santo-Nogogu—  ) (Nogogu words in Italic are Wulua dialect, 
words marked * are Valpay dialect). 
