AKTinCIAL EESEEDING ON" WESTERN" MOUNTAIN^ EANGE LANDS 29 



but this advantage is at least partially offset by it hairiness, which 

 makes its palatability to domestic livestock inferior. Notes on all 

 five of the above species as cultivated pasture and meadow plants 

 will be found elsewhere (^^, 25) . 



CULTIVATED CREEPING GRASSES 



Bermuda grass {Capriola dactylon^ syn. Cynodon dactylon)^ the 

 original " grama " of the Spaniards, known also as dogtooth grass, 

 has become naturalized in parts of Arizona and elsewhere in the 

 Southwest. It covers several thousands of acres around the Roose- 

 velt Reservoir on the Tonto National Forest, Ariz., where it follows 

 closely the rise and fall of the water level and furnishes the greater 

 part of the pasturage for the cattle grazing near the lake. For 

 range reseeding Bermuda grass is adapted only to moist sites in a 

 warm climate. 



Among other cultivated creeping grasses which may perhaps be 

 worthy of further experiment in reseeding portions of the western 

 range may be mentioned carpet bent, often called creeping bent 

 {Agrostis stolonifera) ; rough bluegrass {Poa trivialis)^ which has 

 become established on a number of ranges in Washington and Ore- 

 gon; red fescue {Festuca rxihra^ vars.), native forms of which occur 

 in the western mountains; Johnson grass {Holcus halepensis) in the 

 Southwest; and reed canary grass {PhalaHs arundinacect) in the 

 North and Northwest. The use of these grasses for cultivated pas- 

 ture is discussed elsewhere (^4? '25) . 



MISCELLANEOUS NATIVE PLANTS OF THE NORTHWEST 



Preliminary trials have been made with a number of other grasses 

 as well as a few weeds (nongrasslike herbaceous plants) with vary- 

 ing success. Porter brome grass {Bromus porteri) , sometimes called 

 nodding bromegrass, resulted in a fair stand but did not compare 

 with the large mountain bromegrasses. Tufted hair grass {Aira 

 caespitosa) and AVheeler bluegrass {Poa wheeleri) produced poor 

 stands. Idaho fescue {Fesfuca idahoensw) ^ green fescue {F. viri- 

 dula)^ also known as mountain bunch grass, alpine fescue {F. 

 hrachyphyUa) ^ green needle grass {Stipa vindula), and western 

 needle grass {S. occide^italis) all proved failures. Of the weeds, 

 Browns peony (Paeonia hro^mnii) and carrotleaf {Leptotaenia multi- 

 ■fida) became established from the original seeding but would not 

 reproduce, when seed collected in the Sawtooth Mountains in Idaho 

 was sown on the Wasatch Plateau in central Utah. Sweet anise 

 {Os7norhiza Occident alJ s) ^ also known as western aniseroot or sweet 

 cicely, Utah sweetvetch {HedysaruTn. utahense)^ and a lupine {Lu- 

 pinus sp.) did not respond when sown in their natural habitat in 

 Utah. 



NATTVE GRASSES OF THE SOUTHWEST 



Included among the most important forage grasses native in the 

 mountain grazing lands of the Southwest are Arizona fescue {Fes- 

 fuca arizonica)^ beardless pine grass {Blepharoneuron tHcholepis) ^ 

 black dropseed (Sporoholus inierruptws) ^ blue grama {Boutcloua 

 gracilis)^ squirreltail grass {Sitanion hystrix)^ deer grass {Epicampes 



