ARTIFICIAL EESEEDING ON WESTERN MOUNTAIN RANGE LANDS 21 



BULBOUS BLITMRASS 



This Old World species {Poa hulbosa) has attracted considerable 

 interest lately in western Oregon, where originally it was accidentally 

 introduced. Its palatability is very good, but in that locality it is 

 purely a winter pasture or range grass, being green from September 

 or October until May or June, after which it hay cures and is readily 

 eaten down by livestock. It is an aggressive species and reproduces 

 from underground bulbs, from seed, and also from bulbs that are 

 frequently formed in the inflorescence. 



TAIX OATGRASS 



This large leafy Old World bunch grass {Arrhenaiherv/m elatius) 

 has become established in certain parts of the Pacific coast. It may 

 have possibilities in lower range country where good moisture condi- 

 tions obtain, but results with it thus far under range conditions are 

 too meager to justify recommending it at this time. 



CULTIVATED AND INTRODUCED SPECIES OF NONGRASSES 



A number of foreign species of nongrasses, some accidentally estab- 

 lished and others extensively cultivated in the United States, have 

 been tried out in occasional range-reseeding tests. These exotic non- 

 grasses include the following eight herbs : Red, white, and alsike 

 clovers ; white and yellow sweetclover ; toothed bur clover or medic ; 

 alfalfa and alfileria; and one low shrub, Australian saltbush. The 

 first three are adapted only to fairly moist sites ; several of the otiiers 

 have done well on the range west of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon 

 and Washington. 



RED CLOVER 



Red clover {Trifoliu/m pratense) thrives best in rich, well-drained 

 upland soils but tends to die out in a few years. About 10 to 12 

 pounds of seed per acre should be sown. Full details concerning 

 cultivation and growth of this species for hay and pasture purposes 

 are given elsewhere (23) . 



WHITE CLOVER 



White clover {THfoliwni 7'epens), often called Dutch clover, grows 

 especially well on the moist soils west of the Cascade Mountains 

 and reasonably well on the fairly moist soils of other montane 

 ranges at medium to high elevations. It will endure a great variety 

 of soils but will not survive on very wet, very poor, or very shaded 

 sites. It is easy to start and, unlike the other clovers in common 

 cultivation, is long-lived and reproduces by creeping stems or stol- 

 ons. The forage, rather small in quantity, is sweet, nutritious, and 

 tender, and is greedily eaten. White clover is held in especial esteem 

 for sheep. A serious drawback to general use of white clover in 

 range reseeding is the fact that the seed is probably the most expen- 

 sive of all the commonly cultivated forage species. About 6 to 8 

 pounds of seed per acre is used when it is sown pure, but the best 

 results are obtained with mixed sowings. This species would doubt- 

 less do well wherever growing conditions are favorable. 



