SOME COMMON MUSHROOMS AND HOW TO KNOW THEM A3 
and Coprinus. Panaeolus is distinguished from Psathyrella by the 
nonstriate margin of the cap and from Coprinus by the nondeliques- 
cent gills. 
PANAEOLUS RETIRUGIS. WRINKLED PANAEOLUS 
(Fig. 39) 
The cap is ovate, conic, slightly expanding, almost hemispherical, cream to 
tan colored, becoming grayish and dark smoky, viscid in wet weather, irregu- 
larly marked with anastomosing wrinkles; remnants of veil, which is promi- 
nent and firm in young plants, adhering as fragments on the margin of the 
mature caps; the gills are rather broad, ascending, adnexed, grayish to violet 
black; the stem is color of cap, darker in lower part, hollow, smooth, granulate, 
may be slightly bulbous. 
The cap is three-fourths to 1% inches broad; the stem is 2 to 4 inches long 
and 2 to 3 lines thick. 
This species is to be found on dung or on richly manured lawns. While it is 
not generally considered poisonous it is wise not to use it as food, as it might 
be confused with other species of the genus that are poisonous. 
POLYPORACEAE (PORE FUNGI) 
‘In the Polyporaceae or pore fungi are found the large woody 
forms that are so often seen on forest and ornamental trees and that 
cause most of the serious diseases of timber and forest trees. As a 
class they are difficult to control, because the mycelium lives in the 
wood, rendering the use of fungicides impracticable. The conspicu- 
ous shelving, woody growths seen on the branches and trunks of trees 
are the fruiting bodies of the fungi. These may be removed, but the 
mycelium will remain to continue the work of destruction. 
In Polyporaceae the spores are produced in minute pores or tubes 
(fig. 1, B), instead of on gills as in Agaricaceae, a character sugges- 
tive of the name polypores, meaning many pores. The pores are 
developed on the lower sur face of the fruiting body and in many 
species may be seen without the aid of a lens. The tubes or pores 
vary greatly in size and shape, being long or short, round or angular, 
or compressed. In some genera the hymenium is wrinkled and the 
pores are reduced to mere pits. Great variation is also to be observed 
in the consistency of the fruiting body; it may be woody, fleshy, 
coriaceous, or subgelatinous. The key that follows will aid in dis- 
tinguishing the genera of Polyporaceae discussed in this circular. 
KEY TO POLYPORACEAE 
Hymenophore normally pileate, sometimes with resupinate forms. 
Tubes poroid: 
Stratum of tubes separable from the hymenophore 
and from each other— Genus 
Cao lesiy. cubes: Crowded 2 __ FISTULINA. 
Stratum of tubes separable from the hymenophore, 
stem central— 
Cane SMOOth see yo cee ee ee DRA aes Sioa ar ens, _ BOLETUS. 
CAD. WAL Arley SCAleShaeteme eee ee STROBILOMYCES. 
Stratum of tubes distinct from the hymenophore, but 
not separable from it— 
Tubes in several layers, woody, perennial________ FOoMES. 
Tubes not stratose— 
LOFEH Cage 61 00K Cl rc SE i oe Re ee POLYPORUS. 
(CRN Ge (AUT Stove we ok as 2 ES Bee ae eee POLYSTICTUS. 
Tubes labyrinthiform, sinuous— 
Hymenophore sessile, corky___ fei eS DR (2 DAEDALEA. 
Hymenophore reflexed, resupinate or amorphous, subgelatinous, 
HymeninmM: Plicate, OF TUSOSE POLOUS.—_ HH 2 ee ee tk MERULIUWS. 
