PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF HORSE'S 25 



with it, although some bad effects, including a few deaths, have 

 followed the administration of this drug. The fact that some horses 

 react unfavorably to this drug has not been explained. The drug has 

 the advantages of high efficacy, ease of administration, and the ab- 

 sence of the necessity of imposing a preliminary fast upon the animals 

 before treatment or of administering a purgative afterward. Doses 

 of from 30 to 50 grams (1 to 1% ounces) are used for adult animals. 

 The drug may be administered in gelatin capsules, in a suitable sus- 

 pension, or admixed with grain feed. A satisfactory suspension for 

 use as a drench may be prepared by mixing one dose of phenothiazine 

 with about % fluid ounce (20 cubic centimeters) of molasses, then 

 adding enough water to make 3 fluid ounces (90 cubic centimeters). 

 If the feeding method is employed, individual doses of the drug 

 should be thoroughly mixed with about as much moistened grain as 

 the animal will consume readily. 



As a supplement to worm treatment, distinct benefit has been 

 obtained from the use of tonic drugs such as sodium cacodylate or 

 ferrous sulphate. Such drugs aid in the formation of red cells and 

 hemoglobin and assist the animal to overcome the anemia associated 

 with strongyle infestations. Sodium cacodylate is recommended for 

 use in subcutaneous injections 

 in a dose of 45 grains in 10 

 cubic centimeters of distilled 

 water once a week. Ferrous 

 sulphate may be given in a 

 dose of 2 apothecaries' drams 



daily mixed with the grain Figure 18, -Small strongyles of the horse 



feed. For best results, these drugs should be given over a period of 6 

 weeks to 2 months. 



Prevention. — Preventive measures designed to control strongyles 

 consist (1) in rotation of pastures, so far as possible, avoiding low 

 and wet pastures, and (2) sanitation of stables to prevent larvae from 

 developing to the infective stage and from contaminating the feed 

 and water. This is accomplished by daily removal of manure from 

 stables, supplying the feed in boxes and racks well raised above the 

 floor, and supplying clean water. The disposal of stable manure is an 

 important preventive measure, as is shown elsewhere in this circular. 

 Little can be accomplished in the way of pasture sanitation except on 

 farms where thoroughbred or other valuable horses are raised. On 

 these farms the removal of manure deposits from pastures may be 

 practiced, as this procedure will remove almost all the parasite mate- 

 rial before it can develop and spread. Such a procedure is necessarily 

 troublesome and expensive and can be undertaken only by breeders to 

 whom the question of expense is of secondary importance. The aver- 

 age breeder will have to resort to simpler and less radical measures, 

 such as avoiding the overstocking of pastures, frequent rotation of 

 pastures, and special attention to foals. Where overstocking and the 

 use of wet pastures are unavoidable, and rotation is impossible, reliance 

 must be placed on treatment as often as necessary for control. 



Horse breeders, and even the general farmer, should pay consid- 

 erable attention to the sanitation of paddocks in which the newly born 

 foals are kept. The foals should be kept there for several weeks before 



434886°— 42 4 



