CHARACTERS DISTINGUISHING LARVAE OF POPILLIA, ETC. 11 



Color of head : Vertex yellowish brown ; front darker brown. 



Epipharynx (fig. 3) : Tbree lobed, the depression in the outline at each side 

 of median lobe with a small dark mark. The sensory eminence not pro- 

 nounced but broad and with a slightly curved transverse row of about 12 

 short fixed spines. Above this are several small sensillae. An elongated 

 sclerotized plate in the right side of the median lobe. 



Raster (fig. 7) : A large area of sparse, very short blackish spines medially, 

 rather numerous but scattered longish dark hairs laterally and apically. 



Anal slit: Transverse, arcuate. 



Vestiture: Entire surface very sparsely clothed with fine but stiff dark-brown 

 hairs, short to medium in length. This vestiture noticeable to the touch 

 but not conspicuous to the naked eye. 



Habitat: The much-decayed interior of dying tree trunks. Frequently many 

 of varying sizes are found in one tree. 



Remarks : The prothoracic sclerotized plates are large, sharply defined, and 

 yellowish brown; the spiracles, dark brown. 



APHODIUS FOSSOR (L.) 



Length 10 mm. Form short, stout, dilated posteriorly. 



Width of head 3 mm. 



Surface of head: Opaque, very finely closely reticulated. Epicranial stem 

 impressed, margins raised in anterior third. Front with longitudinal 

 furrow in upper fourth ; a vague vertical depression on each side just 

 above clypeal suture. 



Color of head : Rather dark bright brown. 



Epipharynx (fig. 3) : Definitely three-lobed. Sensory eminence with a long 

 transverse line of minute sensillae, below which is a semicircle of short 

 toothlike spines continuing laterally to base of labrum. Central bare 

 area with a tuft of fine hairs above and to right of middle, which has a 

 dark line extending from base. A band of fine hairs between apices 

 of the short tormae. 



Raster (fig. 6) : Numerous very short, stout blackish spines rather evenly 

 placed. On each side a few slender hairs. 



Anal slit : Transverse, arcuate ; three glabrous swellings below. 



Vestiture : Mostly glabrous : a few scattered pale hairs dorsally. 



Habitat : Fresh cow manure in pastures. 



Remarks: The brown head, the three bare swellings at posterior end of grub, 

 and the epipharyngeal characters distinguish this (the largest) aphodian 

 larva. 



TROX SUBEROSUS (Fab.) 



Length 18 mm. Form elongate, slightly tapering posteriorly. 



Width of head 3.8 mm. 



Surface of head: Shining, rather coarsely but vaguely reticulate. Epicranial 



stem a sharp narrow groove with raised edges. Epicranial arms impressed. 



Anterior half of front with two vague longitudinal impressions near middle. 

 Color of head : Very deep chestnut brown. 

 Epipharynx (fig. 3) : Two-lobed. Arrangement of structures almost bilaterally 



symmetrical. Details sufficiently shown in drawing. 

 Raster (fig. 6) : An irregular transverse band, medially interrupted, of sparse, 



blackish hairs. 

 Anal slit : Y-shaped ; on each side a glabrous swelling with a fine black line 



on it. 

 Vestiture : Each dorsal convexity of first six abdominal segments with a single 



row of close, short, erect blackish spines. Entire grub with scattered dark 



hairs, longest beneath. 

 Habitat : Soil under piles of old feathers, hair, or night soil. 

 Remarks: Together with the typical habitat, the peculiar epipharyngeal and 



anal characters should make this grub easy to identify. Each larva lives 



in a vertical burrow down which he drags a wad of food material for 



immediate needs. 



