CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ON FRUIT AND SHADE TREES 7 



moving about is involved. Hose having an inside diameter of from 

 three-eighths to five-eighths inch is the most convenient. 



Where only a few trees or shrubs are to be protected and the tips 

 of the tallest branches are not more than 10 feet from the ground, 

 smaller sprayers are fairly convenient. One type of sprayer avail- 

 able for this purpose is the bucket pump. It should be made of 

 brass or other noncorrosive metal and preferably should be equipped 

 with an agitator. For convenience in spraying these pumps may be 

 clamped to the bucket and operated by one person. For protecting 

 a few plants hand atomizers are available. The best type of hand 

 sprayer is made of brass, with a glass container having a capacity 

 of about 1 quart. 



The spray gun consists of a hollow metal rod from 2 to 4 feet 

 long through which the spray may be thrown a distance of 10 to 30 

 feet, depending upon the pressure and the volume of the liquid. It 

 can be adjusted to give a fine mist or a coarse spray. The mist 

 spray covers the foliage most thoroughly, although the more distant 

 foliage is best reached with the coarse spray. For covering tall shade 

 trees there is a specially constructed spray gun utilizing high 

 pressures which can be operated from the ground. 



RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL IN COMMERCIAL PLANTINGS 



OF FRUIT 2 



The following recommendations for control are based on investi- 

 gations covering a period of several years, during which countless 

 numbers of poisonous materials in the form of dusts or sprays have 

 been tried out in laboratory and orchard experiments. The methods 

 given here are the most satisfactory from the standpoint of protec- 

 tion. Since control of the beetle depends upon the application of 

 the material recommended, the reader should first become acquainted 

 with the paragraphs dealing with the factors which influence con- 

 trol. In no case should fruit sprayed for the Japanese beetle be 

 eaten until all residue from spraying has been removed. 



APPLES 

 LATE VARIETIES 



Late apples should be sprayed with 6 pounds of acid lead arsenate, 

 4 pounds of flour, and 100 gallons of water. One thorough applica- 

 tion has usually been found sufficient for complete protection, but 

 if followed by heavy rains a second application should be given 

 two to three weeks later. (Fig. 6.) 



EARLY VARIETIES 



Unfortunately, certain early varieties of apples ripen at about 

 the time the beetles appear in large numbers, and there is some dan- 

 ger from spray residue remaining on the fruit when arsenical sprays 



2 On account of the Federal laws limiting; the amount of arsenic residue on fruit for 

 market, fruit should not be sprayed with arsenical poisons within three to four weeks of 

 harvest. The problem has been practically solved by washing the fruit in dilute hydro- 

 chloric acid, although this method can not be adopted for certain fruits, such as the 

 peach. The world standard tolerance for arsenical residue on fruit is 0.01 gram per 

 pound of fruit, and this regulation is enforced by the Food and Drug Administration of 

 the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



