TOBACCO SHRINKAGE AND LOSSES IN WEIGHT 27 



then sorted by the packers. It is also sized to 2-inch lengths ranging 

 from 14 to 26 inches, the greater part ranging from 18 to 24 inches. 

 Deliveries are made by the growers from December to March, in 

 some years extending into April. Most of the deliveries are usually 

 made in January. 



The packing and fermentation methods employed are similar to 

 those used in handling Broadleaf. The initial handling and packing 

 loss ranges from 3 to 6 percent, averaging slightly higher than the 

 initial loss in handling Broadleaf. The average loss during the period 

 of the first sweat from packing time to sampling time is about 10 

 percent. The average loss during the second year is about 2.5 per- 

 cent, and during the third about 2 percent. The average loss in 

 stemming is 23 percent. 



NEW YORK AND PENNSYLVANIA HAVANA SEED, TYPE 53 



New York and Pennsylvania Havana Seed tobacco is produced in 

 a widely scattered area through northern Pennsylvania and southern 

 and central New York. The principal marketing points are Elmira 

 and Syracuse, N. Y. The average annual production for the last 

 10 years has been about 1,500,000 pounds. The tobacco of this 

 section has been classified' as a binder type, but from a type stand- 

 point two kinds are produced. The Big Flats is a binder type similar 

 to the Connecticut Havana Seed, and the Onondaga is more of a 

 filler type. At one time these tobaccos were used principally for 

 cigar binders and fillers, but more recently the greater part of them 

 has been used in scrap chewing tobacco. 



Type 53 tobacco is stalk-cut and is air-cured in barns under natural 

 atmospheric conditions. It is sold mostly at the farms of the growers 

 by private sale, and delivered to the dealers in paper- wrapped bundles 

 ranging in weight from 30 to 50 pounds. Little sorting is done by the 

 growers. They usually sort into only two grades. The dealers and 

 packers sort out the binders and fillers from the best of the growers' 

 grades and pack them in cases. Some bulk-sweating is practiced but 

 most of the better quality tobacco is packed direct into cases and is 

 "natural sweated." The stemming grades are usually sweated in 

 the paper-wrapped bundles in which they are delivered by the growers. 

 Deliveries are usually made in the first quarter of the year, and 

 most of the packing is done within this period. 



The initial loss in handling and packing the better grades, which 

 are packed direct into cases, averages about 2.5 percent, and the loss 

 from packing time to sampling time in the fall ranges from 8 to 12 

 percent, averaging about 10 percent. On that part of ttie tobacco 

 which is bulk-sweated before packing the initial loss ranges from 5 

 to 7 percent, but there is a, decrease in the loss during the period of 

 the first sweat from packing to sampling time. This loss will average 

 about 6.5 percent. Regardless of the method of handling, the loss 

 up to sampling time is practically the same, averaging about 12.5 

 percent. The loss in storage from sampling time to the next fall 

 averages about 3 percent. If held another year there is an additional 

 loss of about 1.5 percent. The average loss in stemming is about 26.5 

 percent. This is slightly higher than for most other cigar-leaf types, 

 because such a large percentage of this tobacco is used for scrap 

 chewing. In stemming tobacco for scrap chewing purposes the stem 

 must be completely removed. 



