PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF HORSES 53 
settling tank of any kind should have an outlet at least 4 inches from 
the bottom in order that the clear liquid may be drawn off without 
becoming mixed with any of the sediment. 
When the sediment has fully settled draw off the liquid into the 
dipping vat and add warm water to make a total of 100 gallons of 
dip. When mixed and cooked as specified above the concentrate is 
three and one-third times the strength required for the dip in the vat, 
so that to every 30 gallons of such concentrate 70 gallons of warm 
water should be added to make a dip of the required strength. 
In preparing lime-sulphur dip in large quantities several hun- 
dred gallons of concentrate are often made at one time in a single 
large cooking tank. The quantity made at one boiling is lmited 
only by the facilities at hand. If the boiling tank is of sufficient 
capacity, a large enough quantity of dip should be cooked at one 
FIGuRE 86.—Cage vat in operation 
time to dip the herd. The quantity of mixture in the cooking tank 
may be varied at will, but the proportions of the various ingredients 
should not be altered, 
NICOTINE DIPS 
The nicotine dips sold under various trade names are commonly 
used for dipping animals and spraying plants for insect_pests. 
They are efficacious remedies for horse lice and mange when diluted 
with water so that the solution contains not less than five one-hun- 
dredths of 1 per cent nicotine. If used much stronger, they are 
lable to injure horses, especially if the animals are dipped while 
they are warm from exercise or hot weather. 
Nicotine dips are generally used warm, but should not be heated 
above 110° F. The temperature of the bath should be maintained 
at 90° to 95°. Sulphur is sometimes added to nicotine dips in the 
proportion of 16 pounds of flowers of sulphur to 100 gallons of 
