54 CIRCULAR 148, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
diluted dip. The addition of sulphur increases the effectiveness of 
the dip for mange and extends the period of protection against 
reinfestation. These dips should be diluted and used in accordance 
with instructions printed on the label of the container. Do not use 
a nicotine dip the strength of which is not given on the label. 
COAL-TAR CRESOTE DIPS 
_ The coal-tar creosote dips, commonly known as coal-tar dips, 
are sold under many trade names. They are made from coal-tar 
derivatives, and the principal ingredient is creosote oil, which is 
made miscible with water by means of soap. When diluted with 
soft water they are efficacious in eradicating lice, but they are not 
dependable remedies for sarcoptic mange. 
Before using a coal-tar creosote dip in hard or alkaline water, 
dilute a small, measured quantity of the dip with the water in the 
proportion to be used in dipping and place in a clean glass container. 
If, after standing for one hour, an oily layer or mass of globules 
appears either at the top or at the bottom of the liquid, the dip © 
should not be used with that kind of water, as it is liable to injure 
the animals. Injury may occur even when there is no apparent sepa- 
ration in the dip so tested. 
The coal-tar creosote dips may be used cold or warm, but the 
temperature of the bath should not exceed 95° F. They should be 
diluted and used in accordance with the instructions printed on the 
label of the container. 
OIL DIPS 
Kerosene, crude petroleum, crank-case drainings from gasoline 
motors, and other oils and greases are commonly used in treating 
horses for external parasites. When properly used they will control 
mange and lice, but they often injure horses by blistering the skin 
and causing the hair to fall out. Oil dips are not recommended for 
common use in dipping horses. 
Cottonseed oil and kerosene, equal parts, or kerosene one-half pint 
to 1 pound of lard or crude petroleum is often applied by hand 
to hold mange and lice in check when the weather is too cold for 
dipping. | 
DIPPING VATS 
In those sections of the United States where there are a large 
number of horses to be dipped cattle-dipping vats usually are avail- 
able, and they can be utilized for dipping horses. (Fig. 33.) Plans 
of cattle-dipping vats suitable for dipping horses are given in 
Farmers’ Bulletins 1017 and 1057. 
The so-called cage vats are sometimes used for dipping horses. 
(Fig. 35.) In these vats the animal is placed in a movable cage and 
lowered into the bath by means of a windlass or other mechanical 
apparatus. (Fig. 36.) The operations are much slower than in the 
longitudinal vat. 
Portable, galvanized-metal vats may be purchased, and they are 
suitable for dipping a small number of animals. After digging a 
trench and setting the vat so that the top is flush with the surface 
of the ground, a chute and slide board should be provided as a means 
of getting the horses into the vat. 
