52 CIRCULAB 14 5. T. S. DEPAKTAIEXT OF AGRICDIiTDBB 



like the pine tar-cottonsee I oil mixture, may cause irritation or blister- 

 ing i; they run down over the head and face where they are exposed to 

 th< lirect ray- of the sun. 



When the ear passages contain masses of hard wax and ticks, it is 

 desirable to clean out the mate-rial before treatment is applied. The 

 treatments reco m mended can be depend I upon to kill all ticks in the 

 ears and to prevent reinfestation for a month or more, although the 

 only rule regarding the fr< y f 1 tment is to apply the remedies 



as often as necessary to keep the ears fr- 1 - tks. 



Finally, it should be remembered that the eggs oi ear ticks are not 

 B] sil I or hatched in the ears of animals, and that a new crop of 

 I ticks may fin lo gment at any time on animals kept in infested 

 places. 



Treatixg Horses for External Parasites 



The three commonly used methods of treating horses, mules, and 

 asses for external parasites are 1 hand applications. 2' spraying. 

 and 3 dip] ing. A fourth method, not in common use but recom- 

 mended by some European investigators,, is fumigation with sulfur 

 dioxide. 



HAXD APPLICATION'S 



Infested animals may have parasites on any or all parts of the 

 body surface, and to effect complete Bra lication usually it is neces- 

 sary to cover th v surface of the skin with the medicament. 

 On account of the difficulty of applying treatment by hand over the 

 entire body sun act . hand applications are recommended only as a 

 temporary measure for holding parasites in check until the animals 

 can be duo d or sprayed. 



SPRAYIXG 



Common parasites on or in the skin can be eradicated by proper 

 spraying ut the method commonly practic d is not economical. It is 

 difficult to wet the hair coat of an animal with a spray, and much of 

 the liquid run- off and is wasted. Spraying is not effective unless ah 

 parts ol the skin an I hair are well soafe 



An ordinary orchard-spraying outfit or a common hand pump 

 equipped with hose and spray nozzle may be utilized for spraying 

 animals. 



PUMIGATIXG 



Fumigation consists in exposing animals to the fumes of binning 

 sulfur (sulfur dioxide) or some other gas. The animals to be fumi- 



placed in a gastight chamber with the head projecting 

 through an opening and the nose and eyes protected from the gas 

 :._ _'■ . Id> ruvthud is otten recommended for treating animals 

 for external parasites. 



Investigations conducted by the Bureau of An im al Industry have 

 shown that the present known methods of fumigating animals are not 



- -dole for general use. The mmhntun effective concentration oi 



- dfur dioxide for mange apparently is about -i percent and tor lice 

 about 1 percent. Under ordinary conditions the concentration or 



