LEAF HOPPERS INJURIOUS TO CEREAL AND FORAGE CROPS 33 



CONTROL 



Owing to the habit of adult hibernation, the winter or early spring 

 burning of rubbish and dead leaves, in which these leaf hoppers are 

 found, is likely to be quite effective in reducing their number. Where 

 they occur in destructive abundance the spraying of alfalfa or clover 

 fields directly after cutting a crop should be of distinct advantage. 



It has been noticed that the species harbors considerable numbers 

 of minute hymenopterous parasites, probably of the genera Dryinus 

 or Gonatopus, and it is very likely that these parasites assist in keep- 

 ing the number of these leaf hoppers within such bounds as to prevent 

 very notable injuries. 



LITERATURE CITED 



(1) Ashmead, W. H. 



1904. homoptera of alaska. Harriman Alaska Expedition, v. 8, p. 127- 

 137, illus. New York. 



(2) Bilsing, S. W. 



1920. QUANTITATIVE STUDIES IN THE FOOD OF SPIDERS. Ohio JoUl\ Sci. 



20: 215-260. 



(3) Cobb, N. A. 



1906. fungus maladies of the sugar cane. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' 



Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Pathol, and Physiol. Bui. 5, 254 p., illus. 



(4) Comstock, J. H. 



1880. report of the entomologist. U. S. Dept. Agr. Ann. Rpt. 1879 : 

 185-347, illus. 



(5) Fenton, F. A. 



1918. the parasites of leaf- hoppers, w t ith special reference to the 

 biology of anteoninae. Ohio Jour. Sci. 18 : 177-212, 243-278, 

 285-291, illus. 

 (6) Fitch. A. 



1851. CATALOGUE WITH REFERENCES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE INSECTS COL- 

 LECTED AND ARRANGED FOR THE STATE CABINET OF NATURAL 



history. N. Y. State Cahinet Nat. Hist. Ann. Rpt. 4 : [42]-69. 



(7) Forbes, S. A. 



1885. the grain leaf-hoppers. In Noxious and Beneficial Insects of 

 the State of Illinois. Rpt. 14 : 67-69. 



(8) Fulton, H. R. 



1908. diseases affecting rice in Louisiana. La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 

 105, 28 p., illus. 



(9) Gasman, H. 



1892. A NEW CORN INSECT (TETTTGONIA MOLLIPES. SAY). ORDER HEMIP- 



tera ; family jassidae. Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. (1889) 2 : 

 12-13. illus. 



(10) Giard, A. 



1889. SUR LA CASTRATION PARASITAIRE DES TYPHLOCYBA PAR UN LARVE 



D'HYMENOPTERE (ALPHELOPUS MELALEUCUS DALM.) ET PAR UN 

 LARVE DE DIPTERE (ATELENEIYRA SPURIA MEIG.) . Compt. Rend. Acad. 



Sci. [Paris] 109: 708-710. 



(11) KUNKEL, L. O. 



1926. studies on aster yellows. Amer. Jour. Bot. 13 : 646-705, illus. 



(12) Lewton -Brain, L. 



1907. rind disease of the sugar-cane. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Assoc. 



Expt. Sta., Div. Pathol, and Physiol. Bui. 7, 38 p., illus. 



(13) Nicholson, H. H., and Lloyd, R. 



1891. EXPERIMENTS IN THE CULTURE OF THE SUGAR BEET IN NEBRASKA. 



Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 16, 98 p., illus. 



(14) Osborn. H. 



1890. report on insects of the season in iowa. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 



Ent. Bui. 22 (o. s.) : 18-41. 



(15) 



1891. SILVER-TOP IN GRASS AND THE INSECTS WHICH MAY PRODUCE IT. 



Canad. Ent. 23 : [93] -96. 



