LEAF HOPPERS INJURIOUS TO CEREAL AND FORAGE CROPS 27 



LIFE HISTORY 



The adults of this species are found until late in the fall or even 

 on warm days in winter, and in the Southern States doubtless remain 

 active during a large part of the winter. It is probable, however, 

 that the majority lay eggs there late in the fall or early in the spring. 

 The nymphs develop in the spring, and mature individuals are to be 

 found early in the summer. There are quite certainly two broods 

 for all of the Northern States and probably three or more for the 



Figure 9. — The destructive leaf hopper ( (Eascelis) Exitianus obscurinervis) : a, Adult 

 female, X 10 ; b, head and pronotum of male ; c, face of female ; d, female genitalia ; 

 e, male genitalia ; f } wing ; g, eggs dissected from female ; Tfi, i, j, three stages of 

 nymphal growth 



southern portion of the country. The exact time limits of broods 

 are not known and can not be readily determined because there is so 

 much irregularity in the time of occurrence of the different forms, 

 in that adults and young of all stages may be found at almost any 

 time of the year. 



DISTRIBUTION 



The distribution of the species was given by Van Duzee in 1894 

 (27, p. 30Jf) as from Maryland to Florida and west to Colorado and 

 Texas, but later records have extended this distribution so as to 



