MANANGISM IN BORNEO. 101 
The second is “ Bekliti,” or “ Opening.’ A whole night’s 
incantation is gone through, as in all ‘‘ pelians,”’ and in the 
morning the great function of initiation is carried out. The 
Manangs lead the neophyte into a private apartment curtained 
off from public gaze by long pieces of native woven cloth ; 
and there, as they assert, they cut his head open, take out 
his brains, wash and restore them, to give him a clear mind 
to penetrate into the mysteries of evil spirits, and the intrica- 
cies of disease; they insert gold dust into his eyes to give 
him keenness and strength of sight powerful enough to see 
the soul wherever it may have wandered; they plant barbed 
hooks on the tips of his fingers to enable him to seize the 
soul and hold it fast; and lastly they pierce his heart with 
an arrow to make him tender-hearted, and full of sym- 
pathy with the sick and suffering. In reality, a few symbolic 
actions representing these operations are all that is done. 
A coco-nut shell, for instance, is laid upon the head and split 
open instead of the head itself, &c. The man is now a fully 
qualified practitioner, competent to practice all parts of his 
deceitful craft. He is now no longer an ‘‘ Iban,” a name by 
which all Dyaks speak of themselves, he is a ‘“‘ Manang.” He 
is lifted into a different rank of being. And when engaged 
in their functions, they make a point of emphasizing this dis- 
tinction by constant use of the two words in contrast to each 
other. 
A third grade of Manang rank is obtainable by the ambi- 
tious who have the will and means to make the outlay: they 
may become “ Manang bangun, Manang enjun,” “ Manangs, 
“waved upon, Manangs trampled on.’’ Asin other cases, 
this involves a night’s ‘‘ pelian,” but the specialities conferring 
this M. D. of Dyak quackery and imposture are three. At 
the beginning of the performance, the Manangs march round 
and round the aspirant for the higher honour, and wave about 
and over him bunches of the pzzang flower, an action which, 
all over Borneo I believe, is considered of great medicinal and 
benedictional value in this and many other similar connections. 
This is the “ Bangun.” Then in the middle of the verandah 
_atall jar is placed having a short ladder fastened on either 
side of it, and connected at the top. At various intervals 
