BRITISH BORNEO. a 
Sovereign, is permitted to exhibit that colour in any portion 
of his dress. It shows how little importance attaches to the 
female sex that a lady, even a slave, can sport yellow in her 
dress, or any colour she chooses. ‘Theoretically the duties of 
the Bandahara are those of a Home Secretary ; the di Gadong 
is Keeper of the Seal and Chancellor of the Exchequer; the 
Pamancha’s functions I am rather uncertain about, as the post 
has remained unfilled for many years past, but they would 
Seem tO) partake of those of a Home/Secretary ; and the 
Temenggong is the War Minister and Military and Naval 
Commander-in-chief, and appears also to hear and decide 
criminal and civil cases in the city of Brunai. These appoint- 
ments are made by the Sultan, and for life, but it will be 
understood that, in such a rough and ready system of govern- 
ment as that of Brunai, the actual influence of each Minister 
depends entirely on his own character and that of the Sultan. 
Sometimes one Minister will practically usurp the functions 
of some, or, perhaps, all the others, leaving them only their 
titles and revenues, while often, on a vacancy occurring, the 
Sultan does not make afresh appointment, but himself ap- 
propriates the revenue of the office leaving the duties to take 
care of themselves. 
To look after trade and commerce there is, in theory, an 
inferior Minister, the Pangeran Shabander. 
There is another class of Ministers—Mantri—who are select- 
ed by the Sultan from among the people, and are chosen for 
their intelligence and for the influence and following they have 
amongst the citizens. They possess very considerable politi- 
cal power, their opinions being asked on important matters. 
Such are the two Juwatans and the Orang Kaya di Gadong, 
who may be looked upon as the principal officers of the Sul- 
tan and the Wazirs. 
The State officials are paid by the revenues of certain dis- 
tricts which are assigned, as will be seen below, to the differ- 
ent offices. 
The Mahomedan Malays, it has already been explained, 
were an invading and conquering race in Borneo, and their 
chiefs would seem to have divided the country, or, rather, the 
