52 BRITISH BORNEO. 
abiding, though not industrious. And the day may yet come 
when their city may lift her head up again, and be to North 
Borneo what Singapore is to the straits of Malacca.” 
This description gives a capital idea of modern Brunai, and 
I would only observe that, from the colour of his flag and 
umbrellas the nobleman who paid the state visit must have 
been the Bandahara and not the Di Gadong. 
The aged Sultan to whom Mr. DALRYMPLE refers was the 
late Sultan MUMIM, who, though not in the direct line, was 
raised to the throne, on the death of the Sultan OMAR ALI 
SAIFUDIN, to whom he had been Prime Minister, by the influ- 
ence of the English, towards whom he had always acted as a 
loyal friend. He was popularly supposed to be over a hun- 
dred years old when he died and, though said to have had 
some fifty wives and concubines, he was childless. He died 
on the 29th May, 1885, having previously, on the advice of 
Sir C. C. LEES, then British Consul-General, declared his 
Temenggong, the son of OMAR ALI SAIFUDIN to be his 
successor. The Temenggong accended the throne, without 
any opposition, with the title of Sultan, but found a kingdom 
distracted by rebellion in the provinces and reduced to less 
than a fourth of its size when the treaty was made with Great 
- Britain in 1847. 
I have said that there is no ground rent in Borneo, and that 
every one builds his own house and is his own landlord, but 
I should add that he builds his house in the kampong, or 
parish, to which, according to his occupation, he belongs and 
into which the city is divided. For instance, on entering the 
city, the first kampong on the left is an important one ina 
town where fish is the principal article of animal food. It is 
the kampong of the men who catch fish by means of bambu 
fishing stakes, or traps, described hereafter, and supply the 
largest quantity of that article to the market; it is known as 
the Kampong Padlat. 
Next to it is the Kampong Perambat, from the casting net 
which its inhabitants use in fishing. Another parish is called 
Membakut and its houses are built on firm ground, being 
principally the shops of Chinese and Klings. ‘The last gam- 
