ON THE DISPERSAL OF SEEDS BY MAMMALS. 21 



plant is a native of Singapore where there are no bears. 



D. sp. has a scentless fruit with a conspicuous red aril on 

 the seeds. There were no bears in the locality, so that it was 

 probably dispersed by hornbills, which were abundant. 



D. testiidiiiarum, Becc, has the fruit at the base of tree. 

 This is called Durian Karkura (Tortoise Durian) in Borneo 

 by the natives, according to Beccari, and is perhaps eaten by 

 these animals. 



Neesia synandra, Mast. This has a very hard woody 

 capsule, bluish grey, not or hardly armed. Seed black, with a 

 small yellow waxy aril. The fruit drops whole, and the seeds 

 are protected till ripe by a quantity of pungent irritating 

 yellow bristles lining the inner walls of the woody capsule. 

 The aril and sometimes the whole seed is eaten by mice. 

 (The seed falls out of the capsule when the capsule falls.) 



Ccelostegia Griffithii, Mast., has a very large rather round 

 capsule covered with thorns, and of a showy orange colour. 

 The seeds are chesnut colour and conspicuous, with an orange 

 waxy aril. They do not fall out of the fruit, but fall with it. 

 I imagine that they are dispersed by the agency of birds but I 

 found rats very partial to them. 



Boschia Griffithii, Mast., a very small Durian with a 

 conspicuous scarlet capsule, splitting on the tree, and exposing 

 the black conspicuous seeds. The form and colouring of this 

 remind one of the fruits of Sterculia Icevis which is dispersed 

 by birds. The fruits are borne on small twigs, and I have little 

 doubt but that the seeds are scattered by birds. Beccari gives 

 Durian Tupai as one of the native names of the plant in Borneo, 

 this would mean Squirrel Durian, but does not imply that squir- 

 rels eat it, tupai being really equivalent to tikus (mouse) mean- 

 ing of small size, as opposed to gaja/i (elephant) which means 

 in speaking of fruit, &c. large. Thus Coniniersonia platyphylla 

 anders is called in Singapore Durian Tupai because the fruit 

 looks more or less like a very small Durian. 



Insectivora. — Tupaia ferrnginea and other allied species 

 although belonging to the order Insectivora are chiefly frugi- 

 vorous. They appear to eat the smaller fruits such as those of 



