212 SHORT NOTES. 



The importance of sketching as broad 

 an area as possible. 



(VII.) — The various methods of mappmg- ground are treated 

 so fully in many handbooks, that it is necessary here to touch on 

 only one or two points that have a special bearing- on the case, 

 or that have not received adequate attention. 



It has been stated above that our improved geographical 

 knowledge has caused a change in the class of mapping required. 



Not very long ago any information brought back by an 

 African explorer was compiled into very small scale maps. If 

 the work was to be put to much use it w-as obdously unnecessary 

 for the explorer to expend his time in mapping details which 

 could not be shown on the scale. All that he required to do 

 was to show the positions of important places, and to delineate 

 generally the larger physical features that he came acros.>. 

 Now, however an explorer's route in the same country w^ould, 

 perhaps, be compiled into a map of 20 miles, or, possibly, 8 or 

 10 miles to the inch. The difference in the class of w^ork 

 required is obvious. What is now^ wanted is topography, and as 

 much of it as possible. It cannot be insisted on too much that, 

 to meet oui requirements, the traveller should sketch in all he 

 can see. Much of it, no doubt, will be more or less incorrect, 

 but it need not necessarily be misleading. If it is properly 

 distinguished from the rest of the work, any one using the map 

 will know the class to which each portion belongs, and estimate 

 its value accordingly. 



Further than that, he should sketch or record all the 

 topographical information that he can obtain from the natives. 



His topography will then consist of three classes, which 

 being of different values must be drawn in different styles, so as 

 to be clearly distinguished the one from the other. 



Different classes of topography, and method of 

 distinguishing between them. 



(1) What he has actually traversed himself and seen 

 sufficiently well to sketch with tolerable accuracy. 



This should be drawn in firm lines, that is to say, streams, 

 roads, and contours or form lines should be shown in continuous 

 lines, as in any ordinary map. If the hills are represented by 



