SHORT NOTES. 213 



hachures or stumping-, they will naturally be shown in as great 

 detail as possible under the circumstances. 



(2.) What he has seen from a distance. 



He knows that this exists, but cannot be sure of its exact 

 position. This should be drawn in dotted lines, with the hills, 

 where they exist, shown in a roug-h conventional style. 

 ' (3.) What he has obtained from native information. 



This should be clearly disting-uished from the other work, 

 both the style of drawing-, and by a note on the map. " Obtained 

 from hear-say." Unless the explorer is very careful, there will 

 always be a chance of its being- mistaken for the representation 

 of gTOund that he has himself seen. So much is this the case, 

 that some compilers would prefer to have this information 

 recorded in a report, and not shown on the map at all. 



On the other hand, a native guide can often point out the 

 general direction of a place, that is not visible at the time, and 

 its approximate position with reference to surrounding objects, 

 which have, perhaps, been located on the explorer's map. It is 

 easier, then, to draw its position on the map than to describe 

 it in words. 



x\gain, the moment a man tries to draw on paper hear-say 

 topography, a host of questions suggest themselves that would 

 probably never have occurred to him if he had contented himself 

 with recording the information in a note book. 



If such topography is drawn in a different colour to the rest 

 of the work, or cut off from it by a chain dotted hue, there ought 

 to be little chance of mistake. 



In any case a record should be kept of the source from which 

 the information is obtained, and of the traveller's opinion as to 

 its probable accuracy. 



While dwelling upon the importance of mapping areas and 

 not mere lines, and of getting in all the country right or left of 

 the route that time and opportunity permit, it cannot be too 

 strongly impressed upon the explorer that it is absolutely 

 necessary for the proper utilisation of his work and for his reputa- 

 tion as a reliable observer, that this marked distinction should be 

 made between topography of different degrees of accuracy. 



While it is most depressing to receive from an explorer a 

 sketch of his absolute track and nothing more, as if he had never 

 looked to his right or his left, it is perhaps more fatal to the 



