SHORT NOtES, ^17 



chief, and take, on his death, the name of his successor. At the 

 same time the villag^es often have, in addition, another name that 

 does not change with the chief. In such cases it is advisable 

 that the traveller should insert the permanent name with the 

 name of the chief in brackets. 



Ag-ain, it sometimes happens that even after the death of 

 some peculiarly famous chief, his villag-e continues to be called 

 by his name. Or, on the other hand, a chief may move his 

 residence to a new place, which at once takes on his name. 



It also frequently occurs, that owing- to intestine wars towns 

 and villag"es which were once well-known and have appeared on 

 travellers' routes, are found by later travellers to have been 

 entirely wiped off the face of the earth without leaving- a trace 

 of their having existed ; others with new names may have sprung- 

 up on or near the original sites. The result is that, when two 

 reliable explorers have gone over the same route at a few years 

 interval, it sometimes happens that their itineraries contain hard- 

 ly a single name in common. 



It is obvious, therefore, that no general rule can be given 

 about such names ; and the value of the travellers' map or report 

 will much depend on the trouble that he expends in the investi- 

 gating' and clearly explaining such points. 



All names that occur in the report or nijtp, should be prin- 

 ted, in at least one place, in block printing, so that there may be 

 no possibility of any mistake occurring in the spelling. 



Method of showing the relative importance 



of different localities. 



(XIII.) In drawing fair maps it is customary to employ 

 different type for different classes of names, such as countries, 

 provinces, capitals of countries, large towns and capitals of small 

 provinces, small towns, villages, tribal districts, chiefs' names, 

 native kraals, rivers, wells and springs, mountains and hills, and 

 descriptive names. 



Naturally the explorer cannot be expected to print in a 

 different manner each of the above classes of names ; but any 



indications will be of value that he can give, to show to which 



class each of his names belongs. 



