26 EARLY INDO-CHINESE INFLUENCE 



2. Undvilized, 



(a) Ka and Chong — Crawfurd, Embassy to Siam, etc. 



vol. ii. ad fin. 

 (bj Samre, Por, Cuoi, Phnong*, Stieng and Prou. — Moura, 



Le Rojaume du Cambodge, vol. i. pp.440-44:7. 

 (c) Samre, Chong, Stieng, Banar, Cedang, Huei, Cat, 



Souc, Soue, Hin, Proons, So, Nanhang, Mi, Khmous, 



Lemet. — Grarnier, Voyage d'Exploration en Indo-Chine, 



vol. ii. pp. 490-517. 



A few words of old Khmer and of Annamese have also been 

 extracted from the last named authority. 



The languages aud dialects here mentioned extend from the 

 tropic of Cancer to the neighbourhood of the equator and over 

 some fifteen degrees of longitude, and they have been collected 

 by a number of different persons, on all manner of systems. 

 Allowance must therefore be made for the various methods of 

 spelling adopted, which, as already stated, I have not ventured 

 to meddle with. In the case of the Indo-Chinese words (i. e. 

 those in the last column), except Mon and the two dialects given 

 by Crawfurd, the authorities are French and have followed a 

 French system. 



In transliterating the Mon words from Haswell's vocabulary, 

 which is in the native character, I have endeavoured to follow 

 the method of spelling now universally adopted for the English 

 rendering of Oriental languages, but as I have had no opportunity 

 of hearing the language spoken it is to be expected that the render- 

 ing of the vowels, which are numerous and complex, is somewhat 

 deficient in accuracy, though no doubt precise enough for the 



present purpose. In Besisi words ?i represents the sound of j^v=ny) 



but unlike ^ it occurs as a final sound ; the modified vowels 



a and o are sounded approximately as in German; a has 

 the sound of the English ^'aw"; an apostrophe after a vowel 

 represents the abrupt tone of the vowel, w^hen it occurs 

 without a vowel at the beginning or in the middle of a word 

 it indicates a sound something like the Malay e only if possible 

 shorter and hardly audible ; final consonants, which are almost 

 inaudible, are written above the line in small type. 



