INDEX 



Figures in heavy-faced type indicate illustrations. 



Abdominal ribs, 79 



Adaptation of feet, 361, 362 



Adaptative Radiation, 15-18; in war- 

 blers, 361-367 



Adjutant, head of, 273, 276; hair 

 from neck of, 276 



^Epyornis, com. size of egg of, 461 



Aftershaft, 36 



Aggressive coloration, use of, 308; 

 in Arctic fox, 309; in Cuckoo, 311; 

 in Gyrfalcon, 309, 312; in Ivory Gull, 

 309, 311; in Penguin, 309, 310; 

 in pickerel, 310; in Snowy Owl, 309, 



313 



Air-sacs, cf. with respiratory system 

 of insects, 173: extent of, 173; 

 function of, 174, 177; in Prairie Hen, 

 177 



Albatross, wing of, 320, 321, 325, 332 



Albinism, 314 



Alligator, egg of, 429; foot of, 354; 

 nictitating membrane of, 215; re- 

 lation to birds, 9; skull of, 105 



Altricial nestling, 30 



Amoeba, 185, 186, 463 



Amphioxus, 66; gill-clefts in, 473; 

 notochord of, 66; segments of, 78; 

 trachea of, 169; breathing motions 

 in, 180 



Anaximander, 12 



Ancestors of birds, 1-18 



Aorta, 476 



Apoplexy in birds, 202 



Apteryx, ody-feathers of, 289; eyes 

 in, 254, 255, 256; sense of touch in, 

 219 



Archseopteryx, as parallel branch, 10; 

 as ancestral type, 10; foot of, 353; 

 general description of, 7; in Berlin 

 Museum, n; in British Museum, 8; 

 probable habits of, 12-13; restora- 

 tion of, 14; tail of, 398, 399, 400, 401 



Aristotle, cf. with Darwin, 12 



Artery, 182 



Arteries, course of vertebral, 79 



Atlas of Jabiru, 72 



Auk, wing of Great, 339, 340; wing of 



razor-billed, 339, 340 

 Avpcet, bill of, 237, 239 

 Axis of Jabiru, 72 



B 



Back-bone, of Amphioxus, 66; evolu- 

 tion of, 64-70; of shark, 68 



Barbs, of Condor's feather, 32 



Barbicels, 32, 34 



Barbules, 32, 34 



Bats, keel of, 83-84; used as food, 158 



Beak, see Bill 



Beaks and Bills, 223-251 



Bear, feet of, 102 



Bellbird, wattles of, 273 



Bill, 



function of, 223, 224, 250, 251 

 of Avocet, 237, 239; Archaeopteryx, 

 226; Cormorant, 227, 228; Cross- 

 bill 24, 249, 245; Crow, 226; 

 Shoveller Duck, 233, 235; Purple 

 Finch, 249; Golden Eagle, 242; 

 Flamingo, 128, 234, 235, 236; 

 Gannet, 227, 228; Boat-billed 

 Heron, 237, 238; Great Blue Heron, 

 237; Night Heron, 237; Huiabird, 

 248, 249, 250; Hummingbirds, 244, 

 245, 246, 247, 248; Ibis, 237, 239; 

 Shell Ibis, 240; Merganser, 233, 

 234; Nuthatch, 245; Owls, 242; 

 Oyster-catcher, 238, 240; Parrots, 

 242; Pelican, 228, 229, 230; 

 Crook-billed Plover, 240, 241; 

 American Raven, 225; Black Skim- 

 mer, 231, 232, 236; Snakebird, 

 228, 229; Dowitcher Snipe, 241; 

 Spoonbill, 220, 236, 239; Stilt, 237; 

 Chimney Swift, 244, 246, 245; 

 Tailor-bird, 245; Tern, 231, 232; 

 Toucans, 243, 244; Triceratops, 



485 



