18 
Rud. Grauer leg. No. 1746, type in Tring 
Mus.] 
E. African Gymnogene. 
Wing 2 445-450 mm. ; more heavily barred 
below, black bars wider than white bars. 
Gen. XVIII. CIRCUS Lacep. (1799). 
Types by subs. desig. (Lesson 1828) Falco eruginosus L. 
Sides of face feathered ; with distinct facial ruff ; 
lores furnished with bristles; nostrils oval with 
no bony excrescence ; tarsus reticulated behind ; 
size moderate; length (males) 17-22.50 in. ; 
females 19-24.50 in. 
KEY TO NATURAL GROUPS AND SPECIES (MALES). 
A. Above bluish ashy, or greyish. 
a. Thighs uniform white. 
$34. Circus cyaneus cyaneus (Linn.), S.N., i., Europe and 
p. 126 (1766). [ex. Edwards: Europe= Siberia; N.E. 
London, apud Hartert.] Africa, India, 
Hen Harrier. China, Japan 
(winter). 
Wing ¢ 335-360, 2 380-400 mm. ; throat 
and chest bluish ashy ; upper tail-coverts 
white. 
7*34a. Circus cyaneus hudsonius (Linn.), S.N., i., N. America, 
p- 128 (1766). [ex. Edwards—Hudson’s Central America 
Bay.) and W. Indies 
Marsh Hawk. (winter). 
Wing ¢ 354, 2 380 mm.; more brownish 
ashy above and below. 
