4 
blacker, and more glossed with green and 
purple. 
t4c. Cathartes aura iota Molina, Saggio St. N. Falkland Is., 
Chile, pp. 235, 343 (1786). [‘‘ Chile’? type Magellan Str., 
loc. subst. Concepcion}, Chile.] Patagonia, 
Southern Turkey-Vulture. Chile, N. at 
least to 
Smaller than typical form; wing ad. 486- Concepcion. 
500; head and neck “ pink in life” 
(Sharpe) ; median wing coverts and secon- 
daries very distinctly shaded and edged 
with whitish ashy. 
5. Cathartes ruficollis Spix, Av. Bras. 1., p. 2, Eastern 
1824. [Interior Bahia et Piauhy.] S. America 
Yellow-headed Turkey-Vulture. (Surinam, Brit. 
= C. urubitinga, Pelz. & C. perniger, Guiana, Vene- 
Sharpe. ] zuela, Amazonia 
Brazil, N. 
Wing ad. 481-500 mm. ; occiput blue, rest Argentina). 
of head yellow, neck orange ; iris carmine ; 
entire plumage glossy black (including 
wing coverts) ; shafts to outer primaries 
above and below white.? 
Gen. V. GYMNOGYPS Lesson (1842). 
Type by mon. Vultur califormicus Sh. 
Head without caruncle ; tail square. 
1 An example from this locality agreeing well with Falkland Is. birds is in the 
Tring Mus. 
* This yellow-headed and entirely black S. American bird seems to constitute 
a distinct species from the aura group. Ir is the urubitinga of Pelzeln and Sharpe’s 
perniger is undoubtedly a synonym. His type was from N. side of River Amazon 
(Wallace) and was only distinguished by the shafts of primaries being brown above, 
but although shafts in old birds of ruficollis are generally white they are not invari- 
ably so, and I have seen N. American examples of C. aura aura with white shafts. 
Cory, speaking of Bahama birds, says they are yellowish externally in winter. In 
Tring Museum are examples with both brown and white shafts from Venezuela of 
the yellow-headed bird ; also an undoubted example from Morovi, Chaco, Argentine. 
