109 
*1184c. Aguila chrysaétos canadensis (Linn.) S.N. 
#1185. 
186. 
+187. 
i., p. 88 (1758). [Canada.] 
American Golden Eagle. 
Adult rather larger and considerably 
blacker than typical race ; wing 9 660-685 
mm.; ¢ 615-630 mm.; immature birds 
darker than typical form, nearly black all 
over, except basal two-thirds of tail which 
are white; nape pale buff. 
Aquila heliaca Savigny, Descr. Egypte, Ois., 
p. 82, pl. 12 (1809). [Upper Egypt.) 
Imperial Eagle. 
Smaller ; wing g 575-600, 2 610-640 mm. ; 
feet and claws much weaker; head and 
neck above isabelline whitish, with darker 
centres ; nape tinged with rufous ; general 
plumage blackish-brown; some of the 
scapulars pure white; tail dark grey 
mottled with brown and with broad ter- 
minal blackish band. Immature brownish- 
yellow, striped with dark brown; tail 
uniform brown. 
Aquila adalberti Brehm, Ber Vers. deutsch. 
Orn. Ges. 1860, p. 60 (1861). [Spazn.] 
White-shouldered Eagle. 
Size similar ; wing 9 620 mm.; forehead 
and crown blackish brown ; whole edge of 
wing and some of the scapulars white, 
forming a conspicuous shoulder patch ; im- 
mature fawn colour, unstriped, tail uniform. 
Aquila mpalensis nipalensis (Hodgs.), Asiat. 
Resexviil sts, 2, plo il. py 13) (1833). 
[Nepal.] 
Eastern Steppe Eagle. 
Rather smaller ; wing ¢ 560-600, 2 590-620 
mm. ; plumage brown, paler below; head 
brown, nape patch fulvous; quills, larger 
N. America, 
Arctic Regions 
S. to California, 
Central Mexico, 
and to 
Alleghenies in 
N. Carolina. 
S.E. Europe 
(Hungary to 
S. Russia), and 
C. Asia to 
Mongolia ; 
S. in winter to 
India and 
China. 
S Spain); 
N.W. Africa 
(Marocco). 
Central Asia, 
Mongolia, 
S.E. Siberia, 
N.W. India ; 
Muscat ; 
in winter to 
China, India 
and N.E. Africa. 
