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under tail-coverts yellowish white ; 9 more 
like that of C. t. tinnunculus, but smaller 
and distinguished by its white claws. 
32la. Cerchneis naumanni pekinensis (Swinh.), N. China; 
P.Z.S., 1870, p. 442. [Near Pekin, type in in winter to 
Brit. Mus.] Himalayas. 
Chinese Lesser Kestrel. 
Size similar; wing ¢ 242 mm.; darker 
above and below, and without spots below 
when adult, or with minute spots on sides 
when less mature; wing coverts almost 
entirely blue-grey, only innermost ones 
slightly washed with rufous. 
321b. Cerchneis naumanni turkestanicus Zarudny, Turkestan ; 
Mess. Orn., 1912, p. 114. [Russian Tur- S. in winter to 
kestan. | Somaliland.? 
Turkestan Lesser Kestrel. 
Slightly smaller ; wing g 228 mm. ; above 
with red of mantle much paler; below 
paler fawn colour and uniform without 
spots, except a few on sides in less mature 
birds ; wing coverts with more blue than in 
European birds, but not equal to pekinensis. 
+*322. Cerchneis sparverius sparverius(Linn.),S.N., United States, 
i., p. 90 (1758). [“ America,” ex. Catesby = E. of Rocky 
Carolina. | Mtns. ; 
American Kestrel. S. in winter to 
Florida and 
Gulf States. 
1 I have described this form from a presumed typical ¢ from Samarkand, 
May rst, 1908, alt. 2,000 ft., D. Carruthers coll., in the Brit. Mus. coll. An example 
in the Brit. Mus. coll. from Somaliland, very pale and unspotted below, is as pale 
above as the Samarkand bird and is evidently referable to this form, the line of 
migration to N.E. Africa being a quite natural one. Examples from Central and 
S.E. Africa are, however, C. n. naumanni. I do not believe that true pekinensis 
occurs in Africa. Palestine birds I regard as intermediate between the Turkestan 
and typical races. 
