KONGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 20. N:0 5. 59 
have seen Ozothallia nodosa and Fucus vesiculosus drifting, and on the south coast of 
Spitzbergen I have found Ozothallia nodosa washed ashore, overgrown with Polysiphonia 
fastigiata. 
I have not myself found any of these algw growing in any of the numerous places 
on the coast of Spitzbergen, that I have had the opportunity of examining. They are 
however stated by others to occur there. If this be really true, they may be assumed 
to have been transferred there in later times by the Gulf Stream. Whether any species 
have made use of the convenient route along the coast to Waygats and Novaya Zemlya 
cannot indeed be decided with certainty. It is possible, however, that Cladophora ru- 
pestris, found at the south-western extremity of Waygats, and Spongomorpha lanosa, met 
with at southern Novaya Zemlya, may have done so. It is possible also that a transfer 
of alg has taken place formerly and is perhaps going on even at the present time by 
means of those vessels which depart yearly in great numbers from northern Norway 
for Spitzbergen and Novaya Zemlya and stay during the summer in the waters sur- 
rounding these islands, as well as by those which start regularly since a long time for 
Baffin Bay from more southerly regions. I have evidence of a transportation of this 
kind taking really place, but I do not know whether the alge thus brought over into 
the Arctic Sea have been able or are able to maintain themselves there. One of the 
vessels employed in bringing over the Swedish expedition of 1872 to Spitzbergen, some 
time after the arrival of the expedition, was found to be richly clothed with small-sized 
Enteromorpha compressa, at and below the water-line. This plant had probably been 
engendered by spores, which had attached themselves to the vessel in more southern 
regions on the coast of Sweden or Norway and developed afterwards during the course 
of the voyage. It is possible also that water-fowls, especially such as inhabit lagoons 
on the coast, may carry with them some alga or other from the south. Perhaps /hi- 
zoclonium rigidum, which grows abundantly in the lagoons at Advent Bay in Spitzbergen, 
has come to the high North in this manner. 
The marine Flora on the coast of Greenland includes a pretty considerable number 
of species whose origin lies in a southerly direction, in the Atlantic. The number is 
so considerable and the habitat of the alge is such that they cannot be supposed to have 
been transported into those regions by the agency of either men or animals. Nor can 
these species have come into the arctic waters about Greenland by means of seacur- 
rents directly from the south, i. e. from the east coast of America, as the current here 
goes from the north southwards, and, moreover, several species reported from Greenland, 
are wanting on the American coast. This is the case with Hydrolapathum sanguineum, 
Pelvetia canaliculata, Nitophyllum punctatum, Furcellaria fastigiata, Callophyllis laciniata, 
- Asperococcus bullosus, Stupocaulon scoparium, Enteromorpha tubulosa. 1 do not certainly 
feel quite sure that all these species occur really on the coast of Greenland. But as I have 
myself seen specimens of some species, stated to have been collected at Greenland, and as 
experienced algologists allege having seen specimens of the other species from the same 
regions, | could not but quote them for the present among the Greenland alge. I cannot 
explain their occurrence at Greenland otherwise than by the hypothesis that they 
have arrived there from the east by Iceland, where at least some of them have been | 
